Selective hdac1 and hdac2 inhibitors

ABSTRACT

Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with HDAC activity, particularly diseases or disorders that involve activity of HDAC1 and/or HDAC2. Such diseases include cancer, sickle-cell anemia, beta-thalassemia, and HIV.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/721,881, filed Nov. 2, 2012, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/778,231, filed Mar. 12, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/889,276, filed Oct. 10, 2013, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A biological target of recent interest is histone deacetylase (HDAC)(see, for example, a discussion of the use of inhibitors of histonedeacetylases for the treatment of cancer: Marks et al. Nature ReviewsCancer 2001, 7, 194; Johnstone et al. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery2002, 287). Post-translational modification of proteins throughacetylation and deacetylation of lysine residues plays a critical rolein regulating their cellular functions. HDACs are zinc hydrolases thatmodulate gene expression through deacetylation of the N-acetyl-lysineresidues of histone proteins and other transcriptional regulators(Hassig et al. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 1997, 1, 300-308). HDACsparticipate in cellular pathways that control cell shape anddifferentiation, and an HDAC inhibitor has been shown effective intreating an otherwise recalcitrant cancer (Warrell et al. J. Natl.Cancer Inst. 1998, 90, 1621-1625).

At this time, eleven human HDACs, which use Zn as a cofactor, have beenidentified (Taunton et al. Science 1996, 272, 408-411; Yang et al. J.Biol. Chem. 1997, 272, 28001-28007. Grozinger et al. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96, 4868-4873; Kao et al. Genes Dev. 2000, 14, 55-66;Hu et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 15254-15264; Zhou et al. Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci U.S.A. 2001, 98, 10572-10577; Venter et al. Science 2001, 291,1304-1351) and these members fall into three classes (class I, II, andIV) based on sequence homology to their yeast orthologues (O. Witt etal. Cancer Letters, 2009, 277, 8-21). Class I HDACs include HDAC1,HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8, and are referred to as “classical” HDACs, whichimplies a catalytic pocket with a Zn²⁺ ion at its base.

There remains a need for preparing structurally diverse HDAC inhibitors,particularly ones that are potent and/or selective inhibitors ofparticular classes of HDACs and individual HDACs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprisingsuch compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat or preventdiseases or disorders associated with HDAC activity, particularlydiseases or disorders that involve any type of HDAC1 and/or HDAC2expression. Such diseases include cancer, sickle-cell anemia,beta-thalassemia and HIV.

Thus, in one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, or any ofthe compounds presented in Table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of inhibiting theactivity of HDAC1 or HDAC2 in a subject, comprising administering acompound of Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, or any of the compoundspresented in Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of selectively inhibitingthe activity of HDAC1 or HDAC2 over other HDACs in a subject, comprisingadministering to the subject a compound of Formula I, Formula II,Formula III, or any of the compounds presented in Table 1, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, thecompound has a selectivity for HDAC1 and/or HDAC2 that is 5 to 1000 foldgreater than for other HDACs. In other embodiments, the compound has aselectivity for HDAC1 and/or HDAC2, when tested in a HDAC enzyme assay,of about 5 to 1000 fold greater than for other HDACs. In someembodiments, the compound has a selectivity for HDAC1 over HDAC2. Inother embodiments, the compound has a selectivity for HDAC2 over HDAC1.In some embodiments, the compound has a balanced HDAC1 and HDAC2selectivity. The term “balanced” means that the selectivity for HDAC1and HDAC2 is approximately equal, i.e., that the selectivities for HDAC1and HDAC2 are within about ±10% of each other.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of activating latent HIVin a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound ofFormula I, Formula II, Formula III, or any of the compounds presented inTable 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating HIV infectionin a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound ofFormula I, Formula II, Formula III, or any of the compounds presented inTable 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating HIV infectionin a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound ofFormula I, Formula II, Formula III, or any of the compounds presented inTable 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or moreanti-retroviral agents. The anti-retroviral agent can be selected fromthe group consisting of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors,non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors,virus uptake/adsorption inhibitors, virus receptor antagonists, viralfusion inhibitors, viral integrase inhibitors, entry inhibitor,co-receptor antagonist, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, andtranscription inhibitors. The anti-retroviral agent can also be selectedfrom the group consisting of efavirenz, indinavir sulfate, andraltegravir potassium. In an embodiment, HIV is HIV-1.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating a diseasemediated by HDAC1 or HDAC2 in a subject comprising administering to thesubject a compound of Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, or any of thecompounds presented in Table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating a disease ina subject comprising administering to the subject a compound of FormulaI, Formula II, Formula III, or any of the compounds presented in Table1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In an embodiment, thedisease is a hemoglobinopathy. In another embodiment, the disease issickle-cell disease. In still another embodiment, the disease isbeta-thalassemia.

In yet another embodiment, the disease is a cancer or a proliferationdisease. The cancer can be selected from a group consisting of lungcancer, colon and rectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, livercancer, pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer,stomach cancer, skin cancer, bone cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer,glioma, gliobastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, papillary renalcarcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, leukemia, lymphomas,myelomas, retinoblastoma, cervical cancer, melanoma and/or skin cancer,bladder cancer, uterine cancer, testicular cancer, esophageal cancer,and solid tumors. In another embodiment, the cancer is lung cancer,colon cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, or lymphomas. In still anotherembodiment, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In anotherembodiment, the cancer is a hematologic cancer. In a further embodiment,the hematologic cancer is a leukemia. In a further embodiment, thehematologic cancer is a lymphoma. The lymphoma can be Hodgkin'slymphoma.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating a subjectsuffering from or susceptible to Hodgkin's lymphoma comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, or any ofthe compounds presented in Table 1, to thereby treat the subjectsuffering from or susceptible to Hodgkin's lymphoma.

In an embodiment, the methods provided herein can further compriseco-administering one or more of a chemotherapeutic agent, radiationagent, hormonal agent, biological agent or an anti-inflammatory agent tothe subject. The chemotherapeutic agent can be selected from the groupconsisting of azacitidine, clofarabine, erlotinib, bortezomib,tamoxifen, trastuzamab, raloxifene, doxorubicin, fluorouracil/5-fu,pamidronate disodium, anastrozole, exemestane, cyclophosphamide,epirubicin, letrozole, toremifene, fulvestrant, fluoxymesterone,methotrexate, megastrol acetate, docetaxel, paclitaxel, testolactone,aziridine, vinblastine, capecitabine, goselerin acetate, zoledronicacid, taxol, vinblastine, or vincristine. The chemotherapeutic agent canbe an aromatase inhibitor.

In a further embodiment of the methods of treatment described herein,the subject to be treated is a human.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1A is a graph that shows the results of an experiment in whichcells from CS1 were differentiated in the presence of vehicle (DMSO), 30μM hydroxyurea, 1 μM MS-275 (entinostat), or 1 μM Compound 001. GlobinmRNA levels were determined in cells at day 0, 3, 5, and 8 ofdifferentiation.

FIG. 1B is a graph that shows the results of an experiment in whichcells from CS2 were differentiated in the presence of vehicle (DMSO) or5, 1, or 0.3 μM of Compound 001, Compound 002, or Compound 003. GlobinmRNA levels were determined at day 3 of differentiation.

FIG. 1C, upper row, is a graph that shows the results of an experimentin which cells from CS1 were differentiated in the presence of vehicle(DMSO), or 1 μM each of MS-275 (entinostat), Compound 001, Compound 002,or Compound 003. Hemoglobin protein levels within each cell weredetermined at day 5 of differentiation.

FIG. 1C, lower row, is a graph that shows the results of an experimentin which cells from CS2 were differentiated for 2 days in the presenceof vehicle (DMSO), or 1 μM each of MS-275 (entinostat), Compound 001,Compound 002, or Compound 003. After 2 days, media was exchanged andcells were differentiated for an additional 2 days in the absence ofcompound. Hemoglobin protein levels within each cell were determined atday 4 of differentiation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2 has been shown to derepress fetal globin.Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) derepression, or induction, is an establishedtherapeutic strategy in sickle cell disease (SCD), and could also beeffective in treating beta-thalassemia. Hydroxyurea is currently theonly drug with proven efficacy in sickle cell disease. This therapy iscytotoxic, poorly tolerated, and only reduces the frequency and severityof sickle cell crises in a subset of patients. There are no approveddrugs for treatment of beta-thalassemia. Fetal (γ) globin expression issilenced in adults partly through the action of a complex containingBCL11A and HDACs 1 and 2. Genetic ablation and chemical inhibition ofHDAC1 or HDAC2 result in the derepression of γ globin in adult bonemarrow derived erythroid cells (Bradner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2010).While a variety of non-specific HDAC inhibitors have been usedsuccessfully to induce HbF, further clinical development has beenlimited by their variable efficacy and concerns over off targetside-effects observed in small clinical trials. Therefore, developmentof selective and potent HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitors leading to HbFreactivation represents a refined and more targeted therapeutic approachfor the treatment of SCD and beta-thalassemia.

It has also been shown that deregulated HDAC1 expression is particularlycommon in advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal system, such as, forexample, pancreatic, colorectal, and liver (hepatocellular) carcinomasas well as in prostate and breast cancer. HDAC2 and HDAC3 expression arealso associated with advanced stage disease and poor prognosis ingastric, prostate and colorectal cancers. HDAC2 is also over expressedin cervical cancer. Clinical trials for the treatment of patients withadvanced solid tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias utilizing class Iselective HDAC inhibitors such as MS275, depsipeptide, and MGCD0103 havebeen published (O. Witt et al., Cancer Letters, 2009, 277, 8-21 and H-J.Kim and S.-C. Bae, Am. J. Transl. Res. 2011; 3(2): 166-179).

HDACs have also been found to repress HIV-1 (Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus) transcription through deacetylation events, particularly inlatently infected resting CD4+ T cells.

As such, it is known that HDAC inhibitors can induce the transcriptionalactivation of the HIV-1 promoter, or re-activate latent HIV-1 from thepatient viral reservoir. It is generally accepted that the use of HDACinhibitors in the treatment of HIV infection can be valuable in purgingthe latently infected reservoirs in patients, particularly patientsundergoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAAT). For examples ofHDAC inhibitors used alone or in combination with one or moreanti-retroviral agents for the treatment of HIV latency and/orinfection, please see US 2010/0166806, US 2010/0324034, and US2012/0203014, which are hereby incorporated in their entirety.

Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprisingsuch compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat or preventdiseases or disorders associated with HDAC activity. The compounds are,in particular, able to inhibit HDAC1 and HDAC2 activity.

The compounds described herein may have HDAC1 IC₅₀ values ranging from 5to 100 nM and HDAC2 IC₅₀ values ranging from 10 to 300 nM, demonstratingapproximately 10- to 100-fold selectivity over HDAC3, respectively.Certain compounds also have good oral bioavailability in rat and monkey,with area under curve values (AUC) exceeding 10000 ng*hr/mL following a4-5 mg/kg dose. Furthermore, the half-life was found to range between 6and 10 hours.

DEFINITIONS

Listed below are definitions of various terms used to describe thisinvention. These definitions apply to the terms as they are usedthroughout this specification and claims, unless otherwise limited inspecific instances, either individually or as part of a larger group.

The number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbyl substituent can be indicatedby the prefix “C_(x-y),” where x is the minimum and y is the maximumnumber of carbon atoms in the substituent. Likewise, a C_(x) chain meansa hydrocarbyl chain containing x carbon atoms.

The term “alkyl,” as used herein, refers to saturated, straight- orbranched-chain hydrocarbon moieties containing, in certain embodiments,between one and six, or one and eight carbon atoms, respectively.Examples of C₁₋₆ alkyl moieties include, but are not limited to, methyl,ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, n-hexylmoieties; and examples of C₁₋₈ alkyl moieties include, but are notlimited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl,neopentyl, n-hexyl, heptyl, and octyl moieties.

The term “alkenyl,” as used herein, denotes a monovalent group derivedfrom a hydrocarbon moiety containing, in certain embodiments, from twoto six, or two to eight carbon atoms having at least one carbon-carbondouble bond. The double bond may or may not be the point of attachmentto another group. Alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, forexample, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, heptenyl,octenyl and the like.

The term “alkynyl,” as used herein, denotes a monovalent group derivedfrom a hydrocarbon moiety containing, in certain embodiments, from twoto six, or two to eight carbon atoms having at least one carbon-carbontriple bond. The alkynyl group may or may not be the point of attachmentto another group. Representative alkynyl groups include, but are notlimited to, for example, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, heptynyl,octynyl and the like.

The term “aryl,” as used herein, refers to a mono- or poly-cycliccarbocyclic ring system having one or more aromatic rings, fused ornon-fused, including, but not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl,tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, idenyl and the like. In some embodiments,aryl groups have 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aryl groups havefrom six to ten carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aryl groups have fromsix to sixteen carbon atoms.

The term “cycloalkyl,” as used herein, denotes a monovalent groupderived from a monocyclic or polycyclic saturated or partiallyunsaturated carbocyclic ring compound. Examples of C₃₋₈-cycloalkylinclude, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl and cyclooctyl; and examples ofC₃-C₁₂-cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, andbicyclo[2.2.2]octyl. Also contemplated are monovalent groups derivedfrom a monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic ring compound having atleast one carbon-carbon double bond by the removal of a single hydrogenatom. Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to,cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl,cyclooctenyl, and the like. In some embodiments, cycloalkyl groups havefrom three to six carbon atoms. In some embodiments, cycloalkyl groupshave from three to eight carbon atoms.

The term “heteroaryl,” as used herein, refers to a mono- or poly-cyclic(e.g., bi-, or tri-cyclic or more) fused or non-fused, moieties or ringsystem having at least one aromatic ring, having from five to ten ringatoms of which one ring atom is selected from oxygen, sulfur, andnitrogen; zero, one or two ring atoms are additional heteroatomsindependently selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; and theremaining ring atoms are carbon. In some embodiments, the heteroarylgroup has from about one to six carbon atoms, and in further embodimentsfrom one to fifteen carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the heteroarylgroup contains five to sixteen ring atoms of which one ring atom isselected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; zero, one, two, or threering atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected fromoxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon.Heteroaryl includes, but is not limited to, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,isooxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, quinolinyl,isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, quinoxalinyl, and thelike.

The term “heterocycloalkyl,” as used herein, refers to a non-aromatic3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring or a bi- or tri-cyclic group fused ofnon-fused system, where (i) each ring contains between one and threeheteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen,(ii) each 5-membered ring has 0 to 1 double bonds and each 6-memberedring has 0 to 2 double bonds, (iii) the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatomsmay optionally be oxidized, (iv) the nitrogen heteroatom may optionallybe quaternized, and (iv) any of the above rings may be fused to abenzene ring. Representative heterocycloalkyl groups include, but arenot limited to, [1,3]dioxolane, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl,pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl,oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl,isothiazolidinyl, and tetrahydrofuryl. In an embodiment, theheterocycloalkyl group is a 4-7, e.g., 4-6, membered ring.

In accordance with the invention, any of the aryls, substituted aryls,heteroaryls and substituted heteroaryls described herein, can be anyaromatic group. Aromatic groups can be substituted or unsubstituted.

The terms “halo” and “halogen,” as used herein, refer to an atomselected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

As described herein, compounds of the invention may optionally besubstituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustratedgenerally above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses,and species of the invention. It will be appreciated that the phrase“optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase“substituted or unsubstituted.” In general, the term “substituted”,whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, refers to thereplacement of hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radicalof a specified substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an optionallysubstituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable positionof the group, and when more than one position in any given structure maybe substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specifiedgroup, the substituent may be either the same or different at everyposition. The terms “optionally substituted” and any other optionallysubstituted group as used herein, refer to groups that are substitutedor unsubstituted by independent replacement of one, two, or three ormore of the hydrogen atoms thereon with substituents including, but notlimited to:

alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl,

—F, —Cl, —Br, —I,

—OH,

—NO₂, —CN,

—NH₂, —NH—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, —NH-aryl, -dialkylamino,

—O—C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, —O-aryl,

—C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —C(O)NH—, —OC(O)—, —OC(O)O—, —OC(O)NH—, —NHC(O)—,—NHC(O)O—,

—C(O)—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, —C(O)—C₃₋₁₂-cycloalkyl, —C(O)-aryl, —C(O)-heteroaryl,—C(O)-heterocycloalkyl,

—C(O)O—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, —C(O)O—C₃₋₁₂-cycloalkyl, —C(O)O-aryl,—C(O)O-heteroaryl, —C(O)O-heterocycloalkyl,

—CONH₂, —CONH—C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, —CONH-aryl,

—OCO₂—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, —OCO₂-aryl, —OCONH₂, —OCONH—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, —OCONH-aryl,

—NHC(O)—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, —NHC(O)-aryl, —NHCO₂—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, —NHCO₂-aryl,

—S(O)—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, —S(O)-aryl, —SO₂NH—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, —SO₂NH-aryl,

—NHSO₂—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, —NHSO₂-aryl,

—SH, —S—C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, or —S-aryl.

In certain embodiments, the optionally substituted groups include thefollowing: C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, C₂₋₁₂-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂-alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂-cycloalkyl,C₃₋₁₂-aryl, C₃₋₁₂-heterocycloalkyl, or C₃₋₁₂-heteroaryl.

It is understood that the aryls, heteroaryls, alkyls, and the like canbe further substituted.

The term “HDAC” refers to histone deacetylases, which are enzymes thatremove the acetyl groups from the lysine residues in core histones, thusleading to the formation of a condensed and transcriptionally silencedchromatin. There are currently 18 known histone deacetylases, which areclassified into four groups. Class I HDACs, which include HDAC1, HDAC2,HDAC3, and HDAC8, are related to the yeast RPD3 gene. Class II HDACs,which include HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC9, and HDAC10, are relatedto the yeast Hda1 gene. Class III HDACs, which are also known as thesirtuins are related to the Sir2 gene and include SIRT1-7. Class IVHDACs, which contains only HDAC11, has features of both Class I and IIHDACs. The term “HDAC” refers to any one or more of the 18 known histonedeacetylases, unless otherwise specified.

The term “inhibitor” is synonymous with the term antagonist.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers tothose salts of the compounds formed by the process of the presentinvention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment,suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animalswithout undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, andare commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. Pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge, etal. describes pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J.Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19 (1977).

The term “subject” as used herein refers to a mammal. A subjecttherefore refers to, for example, dogs, cats, horses, cows, pigs, guineapigs, and the like. Preferably the subject is a human. When the subjectis a human, the subject may be referred to herein as a patient.

“Treat”, “treating” and “treatment” refer to a method of alleviating orabating a disease and/or its attendant symptoms.

Compounds of the Invention

In one aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

Y₁ is CR⁷ or NR⁷;

Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Y₅, and Y₆ are each independently CH, CH₂, N, or C(O),wherein at least one of Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, and Y₅ are CH;

R¹ is mono-, bi-, or tri-cyclic aryl or heteroaryl, wherein the mono-,bi-, or tri-cyclic aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted;

R² and R³ are each independently selected from C₂₋₆-alkenyl,C₂₋₆-alkynyl, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, NR⁴R⁵, O—C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶,C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶, aryl, heteroaryl, C(O)N(H)-heteroaryl, C(O)-heteroaryl,C(O)-heterocycloalkyl, C(O)-aryl, C(O)—C₁₋₆-alkyl, CO₂—C₁₋₆-alkyl, orC(O)—C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted;

R⁴ is H, C₁₋₆-alkyl, or C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶;

R⁵ is CO₂R⁶, C₁-C₆-alkyl-aryl, or C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶;

R⁶ is H or C₁₋₆-alkyl;

R⁷ is null, H, C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, or C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl;

a

line denotes an optionally double bond;

m is 0 or 1; and

n is 0 or 1, provided at least one of m or n is 1.

In one embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R¹ is mono-, bi-, ortri-cyclic aryl or heteroaryl, wherein the mono-, bi-, or tri-cyclicaryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halo, C₁₋₄-alkyl,CO₂R⁶, C(O)R⁶, or C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶;

and R² and R³ are each independently selected from C₂₋₆-alkenyl,C₂₋₆-alkynyl, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, NR⁴R⁵, O—C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶,C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶, aryl, heteroaryl, C(O)N(H)-heteroaryl, C(O)-heteroaryl,C(O)-heterocycloalkyl, C(O)-aryl, C(O)—C₁₋₆-alkyl, CO₂—C₁₋₆-alkyl, andC(O)—C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted withC₁₋₄-alkyl, CO₂R⁶, C(O)R⁶, or C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R¹ is monocyclicaryl or heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionallysubstituted with halo;

R² and R³ are each independently selected from C₂₋₆-alkenyl,C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, NR⁴R⁵, O—C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶, or C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶;

R⁴ is H or C₁₋₆-alkyl;

R⁵ is CO₂R⁶ or C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶; and

R⁶ is C₁₋₆-alkyl.

In one embodiment of the compound of Formula I, m is 1; n is 1; Y₁ is N;and Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Y₅, and Y₆ are each CH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, m is 0; n is 1; Y₂is N; Y₁ is CR⁷; and Y₃, Y₄, and Y₆ are each CH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, m is 0; n is 1; Y₁is CR⁷; Y₂ is N; Y₃ is C(O); Y₄ is CH₂; and Y₆ is CH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I m is 1; n is 1; Y₁ isCR⁷; Y₂ is N, and Y₃, Y₄, Y₅, and Y₆ are each CH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, m is 0; n is 1; Y₁is CR⁷; Y₂ and Y₃ are each N; and Y₄ and Y₆ are each CH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, m is 0; n is 1; Y₁and Y₂ are N; Y₃, Y₄, and Y₆ are each CH.

In yet another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, m is 1; n is 1;and Y1, Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Y₅, and Y₆ are each CH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R¹ is a monocyclicaryl or heteroaryl.

In yet a further embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R¹ is phenyl.R¹ can also be phenyl, wherein phenyl is optionally substituted withhalo.

In another embodiment, R¹ is thienyl.

In a further embodiment, R¹ is pyridinyl.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R¹ is para to NH₂ inthe compound of Formula I.

In one embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R² is C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R² is cyclopropyl.In another embodiment, R² is cyclopentyl.

In a further embodiment of the compound of Formula I R² isC₁₋₆-alkyl-C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl. R² can be CH₂-cyclopropyl.

In a further embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R² isC₂₋₆-alkenyl. For example, R² can be CH₂CH═CH₂.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R³ is heterocycloalkyl.

In a further embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R³ is morpholinylor piperazinyl.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R³ isC₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl. For example, R³ can be CH₂CH₂-morpholinyl,CH₂-morpholinyl, CH₂CH₂-piperazinyl, or CH₂-piperazinyl.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R³ isO—C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶. For example, R³ can be OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ or OCH₂OCH₃.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R³ isC₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁶. For example, R³ can be CH₂CH₂OCH₃.

In a further embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R³ is NR⁴R⁵. Forexample, R³ can be NHCO₂CH₂CH₃.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R⁷ is H orC₃₋₆-cycloalkyl. For example, R⁷ can be cyclopropyl.

In another embodiment of Formula I, m is 0; n is 1; Y₂ is N; Y₁ is CR⁷;and Y₃, Y₄, and Y₆ are each CH, and Formula I is of the Formula III:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², R³ and R⁷have the definitions provided above. In an embodiment of Formula III, R²and R³ are each independently selected from C₃₋₆-cyclo alkyl,C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, orC₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl. In another embodiment of Formula III, R⁷can be H or C₁₋₆-alkyl. In still another embodiment of Formula III, R¹is R¹ is mono- or bi-cyclic aryl or heteroaryl, wherein the aryl orheteroaryl groups are optionally substituted with halogen. In yetanother embodiment of Formula III, R¹ is para to the NH₂ group.

In another embodiment of Formula III, R² and R³ are each independentlyselected from C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₃₋₆-cyclo alkyl,heterocycloalkyl, or C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; R⁷ can be H orC₁₋₆-alkyl; and R¹ is R¹ is mono- or bi-cyclic aryl or heteroaryl,wherein the aryl or heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted withhalogen.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

wherein

R¹ and R² are independently H, mono-, bi-, or tri-cyclic aryl orheteroaryl, wherein the mono-, bi-, or tri-cyclic aryl or heteroaryl isoptionally substituted;

or R¹ and R² are linked together to form a group of Formula:

R³ and R⁴ are independently selected from H, C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₂₋₆-alkenyl,C₂₋₆-alkynyl, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, NR⁵R⁶, O—C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁷,aryl, heteroaryl, C(O)N(H)-heteroaryl, C(O)-heteroaryl,C(O)-heterocycloalkyl, C(O)-aryl, C(O)—C₁₋₆-alkyl, CO₂—C₁₋₆-alkyl, orC(O)—C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted;

R⁵ is H, C₁₋₆-alkyl, CO₂R⁷ or C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁷;

R⁶ is H, C₁₋₆-alkyl, CO₂R⁷ or C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁷;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₆-alkyl;

X₁, X₂, and X₃ are each independently CH, N, or S, wherein at least oneof X₁ or X₂ is N or S;

a

line denotes an optionally double bond; and

p is 0 or 1.

In one embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R¹ is mono-, bi-, ortri-cyclic aryl or heteroaryl, wherein the mono-, bi-, or tri-cyclicaryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halo, C₁₋₄-alkyl,CO₂R⁷, C(O)R⁷, or C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁷;

R² is H;

or R¹ and R² are linked together to form the following fused ring:

and

R³ and R⁴ are independently selected from H, C₁₋₆-alkyl, C₂₋₆-alkenyl,C₂₋₆-alkynyl, C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-C₃₋₆-cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, NR⁵R⁶, O—C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁷,aryl, heteroaryl, C(O)N(H)-heteroaryl, C(O)-heteroaryl,C(O)-heterocycloalkyl, C(O)-aryl, C(O)—C₁₋₆-alkyl, CO₂—C₁₋₆-alkyl, orC(O)—C₁₋₆-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R¹ is monocyclicaryl or heteroaryl, wherein aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substitutedwith halo;

R² is H;

or R¹ and R² are linked together to form the following fused ring:

R³ is H; and

R⁴ is heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl is optionallysubstituted with C₁₋₄-alkyl, CO₂R⁷, C(O)R⁷, C₁₋₆-alkyl-OR⁷.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, p is 1; X₁ is N;and X₂ and X₃ are CH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, p is 1; X₁ and X₂are CH; and X₃ is N.

In yet another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, p is 1; X₁ andX₃ are CH; and X₂ is N.

In still another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, p is 0; X₁ isS; and X₂ and X₃ are CH.

In still another embodiment of the compound of Formula II p is 0; X₁ andX₂ are CH; and X₃ is S.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R¹ is monocyclicaryl or heteroaryl, and the aryl or heteroaryl can be optionallysubstituted with halo. In another embodiment, R¹ can be phenyl.

R¹ can also be thienyl.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R² is H. In yetanother embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R¹ and R² are each H.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R¹ and R² arelinked together to form the following fused ring:

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R³ is H.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II R⁴ isheterocycloalkyl. R⁴ can be piperazinyl.

In another aspect, provided herein is a compound selected from the groupconsisting of:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In one aspect, provided herein is a compound selected from the groupconsisting of:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Representative compounds of the invention include, but are not limitedto, the following compounds of Table 1 below.

TABLE 1

  N-(2-aminophenyl)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline- 6-carboxamide IC₅₀(nM)HDAC1 = >2,000 HDAC2 = 624 HDAC3 = 104

N-(5-amino-2-phenylpyridin-4-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1 = 1,233 HDAC2 =1192 HDAC3 = 1876

N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-8-N-(3-amino-6-phenylpyridin-2-yl)-7-cyclopropyl-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide carboxamide, Compound 002IC₅₀(nM) IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1 = 1,968 HDAC2 = 336 HDAC1 = 3.1 HDAC2 = 14 HDAC3= 798 HDAC3 = 99

N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-6- cyclopropyl-7-((2-N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-6-methoxyethyl)(methyl)amino)quinoline-3- cyclopropyl-7-((2- carboxamidemethoxyethyl)(methyl)amino)quinoline-3- IC₅₀(nM) carboxamide HDAC1 = 944HDAC2 = 667 IC₅₀(nM) HDAC3 = >2,000 HDAC1 = >2,000 HDAC2 = 1220 HDAC3 =>2,000

  N-(2-amino-5-phenylthiophen-3-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamideN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-8- IC₅₀(nM)cyclopropyl-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3- HDAC1 = 1210 HDAC2 = 193carboxamide, Compound 003 HDAC3 = 171 IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1 = 7.8 HDAC2 = 15HDAC3 = 164

  N-(3-amino-5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1 = >2,000 HDAC2= >2,000 HDAC3 = >2,000

N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H- indole-5-carboxamide IC₅₀(nM)HDAC1 = >2,000 HDAC2 = 681 HDAC3 = 1905

  N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-6- cyclopropyl-7-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)quinoline-3-carboxamide IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1 = 89 HDAC2 =243

HDAC3 = 1548 N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-indole-5- carboxamide IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1= >2,000 HDAC2 = >2,000 HDAC3 = >2,000

  N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-6-cyclopropyl-7-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline- 3-carboxamide IC₅₀(nM)N-(4-amino-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-8- HDAC1 = >2,000 HDAC2 = 1559cyclopropyl-7-morpholinoquinoline-3- HDAC3 = >2,000 carboxamide IC₅₀(nM)HDAC1 = 295 HDAC2 = 799 HDAC3 = >2,000

N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-8- N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-cyclopropyl-7-((2- (benzylamino)-8-cyclopropylquinoline-3-methoxyethyl)amino)quinoline-3-carboxamide carboxamide IC₅₀(nM) IC₅₀(nM)HDAC1 = 115 HDAC2 = 301 HDAC1 = 652 HDAC2 = >2,000 HDAC3 = >2,000 HDAC3= No inhibition

  N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-

morpholinoethyl)-1H-indazole-5-carboxamide IC₅₀(nM)N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-(4- HDAC1 = 7.4 HDAC2 = 19methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-5- HDAC3 = 344 carboxamideIC₅₀(nM) HDAC1 = 7.1 HDAC2 = 11 HDAC3 = 175

  N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-(2- morpholinoethyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1 = 11 HDAC2 = 23 HDAC3 = 477N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5- carboxamide IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1= 6.8 HDAC2 = 31 HDAC3 = 373

  N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoxaline-6-carboxamide IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1 = 7 HDAC2 = 12HDAC3 = 71 N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-cyclopropyl-8-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3- carboxamide IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1 =103 HDAC2 = 56 HDAC3 = 257

N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-6-N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-2- cyclopropyl-7-((2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide, methoxyethyl)amino)quinoline-3-Compound 001 carboxamide IC₅₀(nM) HDAC1 = 4 HDAC2 = 15 HDAC3 = 114

N-(2-amino-5-phenylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-8-cyclopropyl-7-((2- methoxyethyl)(methyl)amino)quinoline-3- carboxamide

ethyl (3-((4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-8-yl)carbamoyl)-8-cyclopropylquinolin-7- cyclopentyl-7-((2- yl)carbamatemethoxyethyl)(methyl)amino)quinoline-3- carboxamide

  N-(2-aminothiophen-3-yl)-7-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide N-(2-aminobenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide

N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-8-N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-8-cyclopropyl-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-cyclopropyl-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-6- yl)quinoline-3-carboxamidecarboxamide

N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-5- 5-carboxamide carboxamide IC₅₀(nM)HDAC1 = 15 HDAC2 = 70 HDAC3 = 689

  N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)- 1H-indole-5-carboxamidemethyl 4-(2-(5-((4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)ethyl)piperazine- 1-carboxylate

  N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide

N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H- indazole-5-carboxamide

  N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-indole-5-

carboxamide N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H- indole-5-carboxamide

N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-7-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2- 5-carboxamidemorpholinoethyl)-2-oxoindoline-5- carboxamide

N-(4-amino-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2- N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide oxoindoline-5-carboxamide

  N-(3-aminothiophen-2-yl)-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide

3-allyl-N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-N-(2-amino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-2- 5-carboxamidecyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H- IC₅₀(nM) indole-5-carboxamide,Compound 004 HDAC1 = 6 HDAC2 = 36 IC₅₀(nM) HDAC3 = 445 HDAC1 = 27 HDAC2= 24 HDAC3 = 247

N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-8-N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-7-morpholinoisoquinoline-3-cyclopropyl-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-2- carboxamide naphthamide

N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-8- N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-cyclopropyl-7-(piperazin-1-yl)isoquinoline-3-cyclopropyl-7-(piperazin-1-yl)isoquinoline-3- carboxamide carboxamide

  N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-2-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)quinoline-6-carboxamide

N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)ethyl)-1H-indole-5- carboxamide

  N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-8-cyclopropyl-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-6- carboxamideN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)- 1H-indole-5-carboxamide

N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H- indazole-5-carboxamideor pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In preferred embodiments, the compounds of the instant invention haveone or more of the following properties: the compound is capable ofinhibiting at least one histone deacetylase; the compound is capable ofinhibiting HDAC1 and/or HDAC2; the compound is a selective HDAC1 and/orHDAC2 inhibitor.

The invention also provides for a pharmaceutical composition comprisinga compound of instant invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Another object of the present invention is the use of a compound asdescribed herein (e.g., of any formulae herein) in the manufacture of amedicament for use in the treatment of a disorder or disease herein.Another object of the present invention is the use of a compound asdescribed herein (e.g., of any formulae herein) for use in the treatmentof a disorder or disease herein.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of synthesizing acompound of Formula I, II, III, or any of the compounds presented inTable 1. The synthesis of the compounds of the invention can be found inthe Examples below.

Another embodiment is a method of making a compound of any of theformulae herein using any one, or combination of, reactions delineatedherein. The method can include the use of one or more intermediates orchemical reagents delineated herein.

Another aspect is an isotopically labeled compound of any of theformulae delineated herein. Such compounds have one or more isotopeatoms which may or may not be radioactive (e.g., ³H, ²H, ¹⁴C, ¹³C, ³⁵S,³²P, ¹²⁵I and ¹³¹I) introduced into the compound. Such compounds areuseful for drug metabolism studies and diagnostics, as well astherapeutic applications.

A compound of the invention can be prepared as a pharmaceuticallyacceptable acid addition salt by reacting the free base form of thecompound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid.Alternatively, a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of acompound of the invention can be prepared by reacting the free acid formof the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organicbase.

Alternatively, the salt forms of the compounds of the invention can beprepared using salts of the starting materials or intermediates.

The free acid or free base forms of the compounds of the invention canbe prepared from the corresponding base addition salt or acid additionsalt from, respectively. For example a compound of the invention in anacid addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free baseby treating with a suitable base (e.g., ammonium hydroxide solution,sodium hydroxide, and the like). A compound of the invention in a baseaddition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free acid bytreating with a suitable acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, etc.).

Protected derivatives of the compounds of the invention can be made bymeans known to those of ordinary skill in the art. A detaileddescription of techniques applicable to the creation of protectinggroups and their removal can be found in T. W. Greene, “ProtectingGroups in Organic Chemistry”, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,1999, and subsequent editions thereof.

Compounds of the present invention can be conveniently prepared, orformed during the process of the invention, as solvates (e.g.,hydrates). Hydrates of compounds of the present invention can beconveniently prepared by recrystallization from an aqueous/organicsolvent mixture, using organic solvents such as dioxan, tetrahydrofuranor methanol.

Acids and bases useful in the methods herein are known in the art. Acidcatalysts are any acidic chemical, which can be inorganic (e.g.,hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric acids, aluminum trichloride) or organic(e.g., camphorsulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid,ytterbium triflate) in nature. Acids are useful in either catalytic orstoichiometric amounts to facilitate chemical reactions. Bases are anybasic chemical, which can be inorganic (e.g., sodium bicarbonate,potassium hydroxide) or organic (e.g., triethylamine, pyridine) innature. Bases are useful in either catalytic or stoichiometric amountsto facilitate chemical reactions.

In addition, some of the compounds of this invention have one or moredouble bonds, or one or more asymmetric centers. Such compounds canoccur as racemates, racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, individualdiastereomers, diastereomeric mixtures, and cis- or trans- or E- orZ-double isomeric forms, and other stereoisomeric forms that may bedefined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)-, or as(D)- or (L)- for amino acids. All such isomeric forms of these compoundsare expressly included in the present invention. Optical isomers may beprepared from their respective optically active precursors by theprocedures described above, or by resolving the racemic mixtures. Theresolution can be carried out in the presence of a resolving agent, bychromatography or by repeated crystallization or by some combination ofthese techniques which are known to those skilled in the art. Furtherdetails regarding resolutions can be found in Jacques, et al.,Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions (John Wiley & Sons, 1981). Thecompounds of this invention may also be represented in multipletautomeric forms, in such instances, the invention expressly includesall tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein. When thecompounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or othercenters of geometric asymmetry, and unless specified otherwise, it isintended that the compounds include both E and Z geometric isomers.Likewise, all tautomeric forms are also intended to be included. Theconfiguration of any carbon-carbon double bond appearing herein isselected for convenience only and is not intended to designate aparticular configuration unless the text so states; thus a carbon-carbondouble bond depicted arbitrarily herein as trans may be cis, trans, or amixture of the two in any proportion. All such isomeric forms of suchcompounds are expressly included in the present invention. All crystalforms of the compounds described herein are expressly included in thepresent invention.

The synthesized compounds can be separated from a reaction mixture andfurther purified by a method such as column chromatography, highpressure liquid chromatography, or recrystallization. As can beappreciated by the skilled artisan, further methods of synthesizing thecompounds of the formulae herein will be evident to those of ordinaryskill in the art. Additionally, the various synthetic steps may beperformed in an alternate sequence or order to give the desiredcompounds. In addition, the solvents, temperatures, reaction durations,etc. delineated herein are for purposes of illustration only and one ofordinary skill in the art will recognize that variation of the reactionconditions can produce the desired compounds of the present invention.Synthetic chemistry transformations and protecting group methodologies(protection and deprotection) useful in synthesizing the compoundsdescribed herein are known in the art and include, for example, thosesuch as described in R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations,VCH Publishers (1989); T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groupsin Organic Synthesis, 2d. Ed., John Wiley and Sons (1991); L. Fieser andM. Fieser, Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis, JohnWiley and Sons (1994); and L. Paquette, ed., Encyclopedia of Reagentsfor Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1995), and subsequenteditions thereof.

The compounds of this invention may be modified by appending variousfunctionalities via any synthetic means delineated herein to enhanceselective biological properties. Such modifications are known in the artand include those which increase biological penetration into a givenbiological system (e.g., blood, lymphatic system, central nervoussystem), increase oral availability, increase solubility to allowadministration by injection, alter metabolism and alter rate ofexcretion.

The compounds of the invention are defined herein by their chemicalstructures and/or chemical names. Where a compound is referred to byboth a chemical structure and a chemical name, and the chemicalstructure and chemical name conflict, the chemical structure isdeterminative of the compound's identity.

The recitation of a listing of chemical groups in any definition of avariable herein includes definitions of that variable as any singlegroup or combination of listed groups. The recitation of an embodimentfor a variable herein includes that embodiment as any single embodimentor in combination with any other embodiments or portions thereof.

Methods of the Invention

In one aspect, the invention provides a method of selectively inhibitingHDAC1 or HDAC2 over other HDACs in a subject, comprising administering acompound of Formula I, II or any of the compounds presented in Table 1and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In one embodiment, the compound has a selectivity for HDAC1 or HDAC2 of5 to 1000 fold greater than for other HDACs. In another embodiment, thecompound has a selectivity for HDAC1 or HDAC2 when tested in a HDACenzyme assay of about 5 to 1000 fold greater than for other HDACs. Insome embodiments, the compound has a selectivity for HDAC1 over HDAC2.In other embodiments, the compound has a selectivity for HDAC2 overHDAC1. In some embodiments, the compound has a balanced HDAC1 and HDAC2selectivity. The term “balanced” means that the selectivity for HDAC1and HDAC2 is approximately equal, i.e., that the selectivities for HDAC1and HDAC2 are within about ±10% of each other.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a diseasemediated by HDAC1 or HDAC2 in a subject comprising administering to thesubject a Formula I, II or any of the compounds presented in Table 1 andpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of activating latentHIV in a subject comprising administering to the subject a Formula I, IIor any of the compounds presented in Table 1. The same compounds can beused treat HIV infections. In another embodiment, the compounds can beused in combination with one or more anti-retroviral agents for thetreatment of HIV infections. In an embodiment, the HIV infection isHIV-1.

Anti-retroviral agents that can be used in combination with the HDACinhibitors of the instant invention include nucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptaseinhibitors, protease inhibitors, virus uptake/adsorption inhibitors,virus receptor antagonists, viral fusion inhibitors, viral integraseinhibitors, entry inhibitor, co-receptor antagonist, cyclin dependentkinase inhibitor, and transcription inhibitors or other anti-retroviralagents used in treatment of HIV infection. Preferred anti-retroviralagents include efavirenz, indinavir sulfate, and raltegravir potassium.

Inhibition of HDAC1 and 2 is sufficient to derepress fetal globin. Incultured human CD34+ bone marrow cells undergoing erythroiddifferentiation, these compounds induced a dose dependent increase infetal hemoglobin expression, with a 2-3-fold induction observed at 1 μM.Cytotoxicity of these compounds was minimal, showing IC₅₀ values rangingfrom 1 to 2 μM. The selective HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitors of the presentinvention have favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. Thus, the compoundsare capable of derepressing fetal globin through HDAC inhibition. In apreferred embodiment, the compounds are able to treat sickle-celldisease or beta-thalessemia. Further, the compounds are able to treat asubject suffering from or susceptible to a hemoglobinopathy.Additionally, compounds with a pharmacological profile of increasedselectivity towards HDAC2 inhibition versus HDAC1 may be less cytotoxicand minimize effects on differentiation, while still inducing HbG inhuman CD34+ bone marrow cells.

As discussed above, the present invention provides compounds useful forthe treatment of various diseases. In certain embodiments, the compoundsof the present invention are useful as inhibitors of histonedeacetylases (HDACs) and thus are useful as anti-cancer agents, and thusmay be useful in the treatment of cancer, by effecting tumor cell deathor inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. The compounds of the inventionare capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells thereby able to treata disease such as a cancer or proliferation disease.

In certain embodiments, the cancer is lung cancer, colon and rectalcancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer,brain cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, skincancer, bone cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, glioma, gliobastoma,hepatocellular carcinoma, papillary renal carcinoma, head and necksquamous cell carcinoma, leukemia, lymphomas, myelomas, retinoblastoma,cervical cancer, melanoma and/or skin cancer, bladder cancer, uterinecancer, testicular cancer, esophageal cancer, and solid tumors. In someembodiments, the cancer is lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer,leukemia, or lymphomas. In a further embodiment, the cancer is non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC).

In further embodiments, the cancer is a hematologic cancer such as aleukemia or a lymphoma. In a certain embodiment, the lymphoma isHodgkins lymphoma. In certain embodiments, the inventive compounds areeffective anticancer agents, which are active against leukemia cells andthus are useful for the treatment of leukemias, e.g., myeloid,lymphocytic, myelocytic and lymphoblastic leukemias.

In another aspect, the present invention provides for a method oftreating a subject suffering from or susceptible to Hodgkins lymphomacomprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of the instant invention to thereby treatthe subject suffering from or susceptible to Hodgkins lymphoma.

In various embodiments, the invention provides a method of treatingcancer in a subject further comprising co-administering one or more of achemotherapeutic agent, radiation agent, hormonal agent, biologicalagent or an anti-inflammatory agent to the subject. In some embodimentsthe chemotherapeutic agent is azacitidine, clofarabine, erlotinib,bortezomib, tamoxifen, trastuzumab, raloxifene, doxorubicin,fluorouracil/5-fu, pamidronate disodium, anastrozole, exemestane,cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, letrozole, toremifene, fulvestrant,fluoxymesterone, methotrexate, megastrol acetate, docetaxel, paclitaxel,testolactone, aziridine, vinblastine, capecitabine, goselerin acetate,zoledronic acid, taxol, vinblastine, or vincristine.

In another embodiment, the chemotherapeutic agent is an aromataseinhibitor.

Methods delineated herein include those wherein the subject isidentified as in need of a particular stated treatment. Identifying asubject in need of such treatment can be in the judgment of a subject ora health care professional and can be subjective (e.g. opinion) orobjective (e.g. measurable by a test or diagnostic method).

Also, as discussed above, the compounds of the invention are selectiveinhibitors of HDAC1 and/or HDAC2 and, as such, are useful in thetreatment of disorders modulated by these histone deacetylases (HDACs).For example, compounds of the invention may be useful in the treatmentof cancer (e.g., lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, orlymphomas, etc.). Accordingly, in yet another aspect, according to themethods of treatment of the present invention, tumor cells are killed,or their growth is inhibited by contacting said tumor cells with aninventive compound or composition, as described herein.

Thus, in another aspect of the invention, methods for the treatment ofcancer are provided comprising administering a therapeutically effectiveamount of an inventive compound (i.e., of any of the formulae herein),as described herein, to a subject in need thereof. In certainembodiments, the subject is identified as in need of such treatment. Incertain embodiments, a method for the treatment of cancer is providedcomprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of aninventive compound, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising aninventive compound to a subject in need thereof, in such amounts and forsuch time as is necessary to achieve the desired result. In certainembodiments of the present invention a “therapeutically effectiveamount” of the inventive compound or pharmaceutical composition is thatamount effective for killing or inhibiting the growth of tumor cells.The compounds and compositions, according to the method of the presentinvention, may be administered using any amount and any route ofadministration effective for killing or inhibiting the growth of tumorcells. Thus, the expression “amount effective to kill or inhibit thegrowth of tumor cells,” as used herein, refers to a sufficient amount ofagent to kill or inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The exact amountrequired will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species,age, and general condition of the subject, the severity of theinfection, the particular anticancer agent, its mode of administration,and the like.

In certain embodiments, the method involves the administration of atherapeutically effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable derivative thereof to a subject (including, but not limitedto a human or animal) in need of it. In certain embodiments, theinventive compounds as useful for the treatment of cancer and otherproliferative disorders including, but not limited to lung cancer (e.g.non-small cell lung cancer), colon and rectal cancer, breast cancer,prostate cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, kidneycancer, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, skin cancer, bone cancer,gastric cancer, breast cancer, glioma, gliobastoma, hepatocellularcarcinoma, papillary renal carcinoma, head and neck squamous cellcarcinoma, leukemia (e.g., CML, AML, CLL, ALL), lymphomas (non-Hodgkin'sand Hodgkin's), myelomas, retinoblastoma, cervical cancer, melanomaand/or skin cancer, bladder cancer, uterine cancer, testicular cancer,esophageal cancer, and solid tumors.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a method of treatment ofany of the disorders described herein, wherein the subject is a human.

In accordance with the foregoing, the present invention further providesa method for preventing or treating any of the diseases or disordersdescribed above in a subject in need of such treatment, which methodcomprises administering to said subject a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof. For any of the above uses, the required dosage will varydepending on the mode of administration, the particular condition to betreated and the effect desired.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising any of the compounds of the instant invention (Formula I, II,III or any of the compounds presented in Table 1) or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt, thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier.

Compounds of the invention can be administered as pharmaceuticalcompositions by any conventional route, in particular enterally, e.g.,orally, e.g., in the form of tablets or capsules, or parenterally, e.g.,in the form of injectable solutions or suspensions, topically, e.g., inthe form of lotions, gels, ointments or creams, or in a nasal orsuppository form. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound ofthe present invention in free form or in a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form in association with at least one pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier or diluent can be manufactured in a conventional manner bymixing, granulating or coating methods. For example, oral compositionscan be tablets or gelatin capsules comprising the active ingredienttogether with a) diluents, e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol,sorbitol, cellulose and/or glycine; b) lubricants, e.g., silica, talcum,stearic acid, its magnesium or calcium salt and/or polyethyleneglycol;for tablets also c) binders, e.g., magnesium aluminum silicate, starchpaste, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose and or polyvinylpyrrolidone; if desired d)disintegrants, e.g., starches, agar, alginic acid or its sodium salt, oreffervescent mixtures; and/or e) absorbents, colorants, flavors andsweeteners. Injectable compositions can be aqueous isotonic solutions orsuspensions, and suppositories can be prepared from fatty emulsions orsuspensions. The compositions may be sterilized and/or containadjuvants, such as preserving, stabilizing, wetting or emulsifyingagents, solution promoters, salts for regulating the osmotic pressureand/or buffers. In addition, they may also contain other therapeuticallyvaluable substances. Suitable formulations for transdermal applicationsinclude an effective amount of a compound of the present invention witha carrier. A carrier can include absorbable pharmacologically acceptablesolvents to assist passage through the skin of the host. For example,transdermal devices are in the form of a bandage comprising a backingmember, a reservoir containing the compound optionally with carriers,optionally a rate controlling barrier to deliver the compound to theskin of the host at a controlled and predetermined rate over a prolongedperiod of time, and means to secure the device to the skin. Matrixtransdermal formulations may also be used. Suitable formulations fortopical application, e.g., to the skin and eyes, are preferably aqueoussolutions, ointments, creams or gels well-known in the art. Such maycontain solubilizers, stabilizers, tonicity enhancing agents, buffersand preservatives.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention comprise atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present inventionformulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptablecarriers. As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier”means a non-toxic, inert solid, semi-solid or liquid filler, diluent,encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type. Thepharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be administered tohumans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally,intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as bypowders, ointments, or drops), buccally, or as an oral or nasal spray.

Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers insoft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactoseor milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols andthe like.

The active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form with one ormore excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of tablets,dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings andshells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings and othercoatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. In such soliddosage forms the active compound may be admixed with at least one inertdiluent such as sucrose, lactose or starch. Such dosage forms may alsocomprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inertdiluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such amagnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case ofcapsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprisebuffering agents.

According to the methods of treatment of the present invention,disorders are treated or prevented in a subject, such as a human orother animal, by administering to the subject a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of the invention, in such amounts and forsuch time as is necessary to achieve the desired result. The term“therapeutically effective amount” of a compound of the invention, asused herein, means a sufficient amount of the compound so as to decreasethe symptoms of a disorder in a subject. As is well understood in themedical arts a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of thisinvention will be at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to anymedical treatment.

In general, compounds of the invention will be administered intherapeutically effective amounts via any of the usual and acceptablemodes known in the art, either singly or in combination with one or moretherapeutic agents. A therapeutically effective amount may vary widelydepending on the severity of the disease, the age and relative health ofthe subject, the potency of the compound used and other factors. Ingeneral, satisfactory results are indicated to be obtained systemicallyat daily dosages of from about 0.03 to 2.5 mg/kg per body weight (0.05to 4.5 mg/m²). An indicated daily dosage in the larger mammal, e.g.humans, is in the range from about 0.5 mg to about 100 mg, convenientlyadministered, e.g. in divided doses up to four times a day or in retardform. Suitable unit dosage forms for oral administration comprise fromca. 1 to 50 mg active ingredient.

In certain embodiments, a therapeutic amount or dose of the compounds ofthe present invention may range from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 500 mg/kg(about 0.18 mg/m² to about 900 mg/m²), alternatively from about 1 toabout 50 mg/kg (about 1.8 to about 90 mg/m²). In general, treatmentregimens according to the present invention comprise administration to apatient in need of such treatment from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg ofthe compound(s) of this invention per day in single or multiple doses.Therapeutic amounts or doses will also vary depending on route ofadministration, as well as the possibility of co-usage with otheragents.

Upon improvement of a subject's condition, a maintenance dose of acompound, composition or combination of this invention may beadministered, if necessary. Subsequently, the dosage or frequency ofadministration, or both, may be reduced, as a function of the symptoms,to a level at which the improved condition is retained when the symptomshave been alleviated to the desired level, treatment should cease. Thesubject may, however, require intermittent treatment on a long-termbasis upon any recurrence of disease symptoms.

It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of thecompounds and compositions of the present invention will be decided bythe attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. Thespecific inhibitory dose for any particular patient will depend upon avariety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severityof the disorder; the activity of the specific compound employed; thespecific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sexand diet of the patient; the time of administration, route ofadministration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed;the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidentalwith the specific compound employed; and like factors well known in themedical arts.

EXAMPLES

The compounds and processes of the present invention will be betterunderstood in connection with the following examples, which are intendedas an illustration only and not to limit the scope of the invention.Various changes and modifications to the disclosed embodiments will beapparent to those skilled in the art and such changes and modificationsincluding, without limitation, those relating to the chemicalstructures, substituents, derivatives, formulations and/or methods ofthe invention may be made without departing from the spirit of theinvention and the scope of the appended claims. Definitions of variablesin the structures in schemes herein are commensurate with those ofcorresponding positions in the formulae delineated herein.

Example 1 Synthesis ofN-(2-aminophenyl)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (10 g, 0.53 mol) and m-CPBA (18.4 g,0.106 mol) in DCM (50 ml) was stirred at r.t. overnight. Aq. NaHCO₃ (40ml, saturated) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 30 min.The organic layer was separated, dried, filtered and concentrated toobtain a residue, which was re-crystallized by EA (5 ml) to affordcompound 2 (8.7 g, 80%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 2: To a solution of compound 2 (4.0 g, 0.020) and DMF (8 ml) in DCMwas added SOCl₂ (8 ml) slowly at 0° C. and stirred at r.t. for 5 h. Theresulting mixture was concentrated to obtain a residue, and DCM (50 ml)with Aq. NaHCO₃ (saturated, 20 ml) was added and stirred for 30 min. Theorganic layer was separated and concentrated to obtain a residue, whichwas purified by silica gel chromatography to afford compound 3 (1.3 g,30%) as a white solid.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (10 g, 0.045 mol), CuI (10 g, 0.53 mol),N-boc-piperazine (25 g, 0.135 mol) and K₂CO₃ (18.6 g, 0.135 mol) in DMSO(120 ml) was stirred at 100° C. for overnight. Upon completion asmonitored by TLC (thin-layer chromatography), 300 ml of EA (ethylacetate) was added, followed by filtration (underlay 15 cm diatomite).Concentration of the mixture yielded a residue, to which water (300 ml)and Aq. Citric acid (saturated, 30 ml) were added. Stirring at r.t. for30 min., followed by filtration yielded compound 4 (18 g, ˜100%) as ayellow solid to be used in the next step without purification.

Step 4: A mixture of compound 4 (18 g, crude) and 2M NaOH (50 ml) inEtOH (100 ml) and THF (100 ml) was stirred at 70° C. for 4 h. TLC wasused to monitor the reaction to completion. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated to a residue, to which water (300 ml) and aq. sat. citricacid (40 ml) were added. Subsequent filtration yielded compound 5 (14.5g, 91% over two step) as a yellow solid.

Step 5: A mixture of compound 5 (100 mg, 0.3 mmol), benzene-1,2-diamine(130 mg, 1.2 mmol), HOAT (150 mg, 1.1 mmol), EDCI (200 mg, 1.1 mmol),DIPEA (300 mg, 2.3 mmol) and 4A (20 g) in DMF (40 ml) was stirred at 55°C. for overnight. Put into some H₂O and extracted with EA (20 ml×3),separated, dried and concentrated to get a crude product Purified byPrep-TLC, get the desired product 6 (115 mg, 80%).

Step 6: A mixture of compound 6 (110 mg 0.25 mmol) and TFA (5 ml) in 10ml DCM was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. Evaporation of the solvent yieldedcrude product which was purified by HPLC to afford the white product,compound 7 (11 mg, 13%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.69 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s,1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J=21.5, 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=H), 7.29(d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.79(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H 8.8 Hz, 1), 6.61 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 3.72(s, 4H), 2.87 (s, 4H). LCMS: m/z=348 (M+H)⁺

Example 2 Synthesis ofN-(5-amino-2-phenylpyridin-4-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 7.

Step 2: To a mixture of compound 7 (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in THF (2 ml) andMeOH (2 ml), was added Zn (114 mg, 1.76 mmol) followed by aqueous NH₄Cl(93 mg, 1.76 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 20 min., and extracted with EA (2×15 ml). The combined organiclayers were purified by Prep-HPLC to afford the desired product,compound 8 (7 mg, 7.2%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.10-9.88 (m, 1H),9.23 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s,1H), 7.93 (dd, J=5.3, 4.0 Hz, 3H), 7.60-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.43 (t, J=7.7 Hz,2H), 7.36-7.23 (m, 2H), 5.42 (s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 4H), 2.89 (d, J=4.6 Hz,4H). LCMS: m/z=425 (M+H)⁺

Example 3 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-8-cyclopropyl-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide,Compound 002

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: A mixture of compound 4 (1.0 g, 0.0026 mol) and NBS (0.7 g,0.0039 mol) in DCM was stirred at r.t. for 3 h. The mixture wasconcentrated to a residue, which was purified by Prep-TLC to obtaincompound 5 (1.0 g, 83%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 2: A mixture of compound 5 (500 mg, 0.0011 mol), cyclopropylboronic acid (946 mg, 0.011 mol), Pd(OAc)₂ (25 mg, 0.00011 mol),tricyclohexylphosphine (61 mg, 0.00022 mol) and K₃PO₄ (933 mg, 0.0044mol) in toluene (20 ml) and water (3 ml) was stirred at 100° C. under N₂atmosphere overnight. The mixture was cooled, filtered, and concentratedto obtain a residue, which was purified by Prep-TLC to get compound 6(370 mg, 81%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 6 (300 mg, 0.0007 mol) and NaOH (2M, 5 mL)in EtOH (15 ml) and THF (15 ml) was stirred at 60° C. for 5 h. Themixture was concentrated to obtain a residue, to which was added aq.sat. citric acid (10 mL) and extracted with EA (25 ml×2). The organiclayers were separated, dried, filtered and concentrated to obtaincompound 8 (195 mg, 70%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 4: A mixture of compound 8 (120 mg, 0.0003 mol), tert-butyl2-amino-4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenylcarbamate (88 mg, 0.0003 mol), HOAT (61mg, 0.00045 mol), EDCI (115 mg, 0.0006 mol), and DIPEA (155 mg, 0.0012mol) in DMF (5 ml) was stirred at 55° C. for overnight. Water (20 ml)was added to the mixture, and extracted with EA (25 ml×2). The organiclayers were separated, dried, filtered, and concentrated to get aresidue, which was purified by Prep-TLC to afford compound 10 (170 mg,84%) as a yellow solid.

Step 5: To a solution of compound 10 (100 mg, 0.00015 mol) in DCM (3 ml)was added TFA (1.5 ml) and stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The mixture wasconcentrated to obtain a residue, which was purified by Prep-HPLC toafford compound 11 (40 mg, 57%) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500MHz, DMSO) δ 9.94 (s, 1H), 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.86-8.75 (m, 1H), 8.33-8.25(m, 1H), 7.94-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.36 (d,J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=1.3Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 3.20 (s, 4H), 3.04 (s,4H), 2.39-2.34 (m, 1H), 1.19 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 2H), 1.10 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H).LCMS: m/z=470 (M+H)⁺

Example 4 Synthesis ofN-(3-amino-6-phenylpyridin-2-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (2.5 g, 14.5 mmol) in DME (8 ml),EtOH (4 ml), and H₂O (4 ml) was added compound 2 (3.54 g, 29 mmol),Pd(PPh₃)₄ (335 mg, 0.29 mmol), and Na₂CO₃ (2.3 g, 21.7 mmol) under anitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was microwaved at 100° C. for0.5 h, and extracted with EA (2×30 ml). The organic layers were combinedand purified by gel chromatography (PE:EA=4:1) to afford the desiredproduct of compound 3 (1.74 g, 56%).

Step 2: To compound 3 (132 mg, 0.62 mmol) in Py (4 ml) was addedcompound 4 (220 mg, 0.62 mmol), at 0° C. POCl₃ (1 ml) was addeddropwise, and the reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. Uponcompletion, the reaction was quenched with ice-water, and extracted withEA (2×10 ml). The organic layers were combined and purified by gelchromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to afford the desired product of compound 5(140 mg, 41%).

Step 3: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 7.

Step 4: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 2, compound 8. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.57 (s, 1H), 9.27(s, 1H), 8.82 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.90 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H),7.71 (s, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (s, 2H), 7.29 (s, 3H), 5.26(s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.91 (s, 3H). LCMS: m/z=425 (M+H)⁺

Example 5 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-phenylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (15.0 g, 74.0 mmol) in ethanol (200ml) was added DPPA (16.0 ml, 74.0 mmol) followed by triethylamine (10.9ml, 77.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was then refluxed overnight. Aftercooling, a half amount of solvent was removed by evaporation. Theremaining ethanol solution was extracted with EA. The organic layer waswashed with NaHCO₃ (aq.) and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated.The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give compound 2(3.0 g, 17%) as a white solid.

Step 2: To a mixture of concentrated H₂SO₄ (2.0 ml) and HNO₃ (0.5 ml),compound 2 (2.0 g, 8.2 mmol) was added portion-wise at 0° C. Afterstirring at 0° C. for 5 min., the mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight.The mixture was poured into ice-water then basified with aqueous NH₄OH.The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer waswashed with aqueous NH₄OH and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography togive compound 3 (1.5 g, 64%) as a white solid.

Step 3: To a solution of compound 3 (1.5 g, 5.2 mmol) in THF (10 ml) wasadded KOH (582 mg, 10.4 mmol) in water (5.0 ml) and stirred at 90° C.overnight. Water was added to the mixture resulting in a precipitatethat was collected by filtration, washed with water, and then driedunder reduced pressure to give compound 4 (1.1 g, 95%)

Step 4: Compound 5 (600 mg, 70%) as a brown solid, was obtained throughSuzuki cross-coupling reactions of compound 4 (860 mg, 4.0 mmol) andphenylboronic acid in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and Na₂CO₃.

Step 5: Compound 6 (600 mg, 70%) as a brown solid, was obtained throughcondensation of compound 5 with7-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid(273 mg, 1.3 mmol) in the presence of POCl₃.

Step 6: Compound 7 (36 mg, 28%) as a yellow solid, was obtained throughBoc deprotection of compound 6 (160 mg, 0.33 mmol) with TFA in DCM.

Step 7: Compound 8 (13 mg, 28%) as a yellow solid, was obtained throughreduction of 7 (36 mg, 0.06 mmol) with Zn/NH₄Cl. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO)δ 9.88 (s, 1H), 9.24 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d,J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (dd, J=17.5, 5.7 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 2H),7.57-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.43 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J=21.2 Hz, 2H), 6.09(s, 2H), 3.33 (s, 4H), 2.96-2.78 (m, 4H). LCMS: m/z=425 (M+H)⁺

Example 6 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-phenylthiophen-3-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: To DMF (13 ml) cooled with ice, was added POCl₃ (1.56 ml, 16.66mmol) drop-wise over 15 min. Then, compound 1 (1.0 g, 8.3 mmol) wasadded drop-wise while maintaining a temperature between 45-55° C. Thereaction mixture was then stirred at r.t. for 30 min. after which 0.5 mlof NH₂OH—HCl (2.3 g, 33.32 mmol) in dry DMF (10 ml) was added. Thereaction mixture was then stirred at 70-80° C. for 5 min, followed byaddition of the remaining NH₂OH—HCl in DMF. At this point thetemperature was allowed to rise to r.t., and the reaction mixture wasstirred overnight. The reaction was quenched through dilution withice-water and extracted with DCM (2×30 ml). The combined organic layerswere purified by gel chromatography (PE:EA=50:1) to afford the desiredproduct of compound 2 (788 mg, 62%).

Step 2: To a solution of Na₂S.9H₂O (5.95 g, 24.8 mmol) in H₂O (2 ml) wasadded DMF (10 ml) at 55° C. and the resulting solution was stirred for30 min. before drop-wise addition of compound 2 (3.68 g, 22.6 mmol) inDMF (5 ml). The reaction continued to stir for 90 min. at which pointBrCH₂NO₂ (3.14 g, 22.6 mmol) in DMF (5 ml) was added at r.t. Thereaction was then stirred at 55° C. for 90 min. NaOH (904 mg, 5N) wasadded and the reaction was stirred for an additional hour. The reactionmixture was then extracted with EA (2×30 ml). The organic layers werecombined and subsequent crystallization from EA yielded the desiredproduct of compound 3 (546 mg, 10%).

Step 3: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure, as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 4: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure, as describedin Example 2, compound 8.

Step 5: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure, as describedin Example 1, compound 7. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.94 (s, 1H), 9.22(d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.72 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.50 (m,1H), 7.43 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=13.7 Hz,2H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 5.59 (s, 2H), 3.32 (s, 4H), 2.99-2.76 (m, 4H). LCMS:m/z=430 (M+H)⁺

Example 7 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-6-cyclopropyl-7-((2-methoxyethyl)(methyl)amino)quinoline-3-carboxamide(11) andN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-6-cyclopropyl-7-((2-methoxyethyl)(methyl)amino)quinoline-3-carboxamide(12)

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (5.0 g, 0.0246 mol) in conc. H₂SO₄(30 ml) was added fuming nitric acid (10 ml) slowly at 0° C. Theresulting solution was stirred at r.t. overnight. The reaction wasquickly added to ice water (100 ml), extracted with EA (40 ml×2). Theorganic layers were combined and concentrated to yield a residue, whichwas purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 2 (3.6 g,65%) as a yellow solid.

Step 2: A mixture of compound 2 (3.0 g, 0.0121 mol),2-methoxy-N-methylethanamine (4.3 g, 0.0484 mol) and DIPEA (6.2 g,0.0484 mol) in acetonitrile (20 ml) was stirred at 80° C. overnight. Themixture was concentrated to give a residue, which was purified by silicagel chromatography to afford compound 3 (1.8 g, 47%) as a yellow oil.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (1 g, 0.0032 mol), SnCl₂ (1.8 g, 0.0096mol) and ethyl 3,3-diethoxypropanoate (1.8 g, 0.0096 mol) in EtOH (20ml) was stirred at 90° C. overnight. The mixture was concentrated togive a residue, to which was added EA (50 ml) and aq. sat. NaHCO₃ (5ml). The resulting solution was stirred for 30 min., filtered, dried,and concentrated resulting in a residue, which was re-crystallized by PEto yield compound 4 (500 mg, 43%).

Step 4: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure, as describedin Example 3, compound 6.

Step 5: A solution of compound 5 (328 mg, 0.001 mol) in conc. HCl (5 ml)and water (5 ml) was stirred at 70° C. overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated to yield compound 6 (300 mg, 100%) as a yellow solid.

Step 6: Compounds 9 and 10 were prepared according to the procedure, asdescribed in Example 1, compound 6.

Step 7: Compound 11 was prepared according to the procedure, asdescribed in Example 1, compound 7. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.91 (s,1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 3H), 7.41-7.21 (m,3H), 7.09-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.85-6.80 (m, 1H), 5.24 (s, 2H), 3.61 (t, J=5.7Hz, 2H), 3.41 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s,1H), 1.13 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 0.91 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=473(M+H)⁺

Compound 12 was prepared according to the procedure, as described inExample 1, compound 7. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.93 (s, 1H), 9.25 (s,1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 3H), 7.52 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 2H),7.44-7.32 (m, 3H), 7.25 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.19(s, 2H), 3.61 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H),2.97 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 1H), 1.13 (s, 2H), 0.91 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 2H). LCMS:m/z=467 (M+H)⁺

Example 8 Synthesis ofN-(3-amino-5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: To a solution of compound 3 (520 mg, 2.36 mmol) in THF, (15 ml)was added (Boc)₂O (772 mg, 3.54 mmol) at 0° C. NaH (489 mg, 4.72 mmol)was added, and the reaction was stirred for 4 hours, quenched with H₂O,and extracted with EA (2×30 ml). The combined organic layers werepurified by gel chromatography (PE:EA=20:1) to afford the desiredproduct of compound 4 (500 mg, 66%).

Step 2: To a solution of compound 4 (100 mg, 0.31 mmol) in EtOH (10 ml),was added Zn (150 mg, 2.5 mmol) and HOAc (150 mg, 2.5 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at 65° C. for 10 min. and extracted with EA (2×10ml). The combined the organic layers were washed with aqueous NaCl,dried by anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to yield the desired productof compound 5 (90 mg, 100%).

Step 3: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 4: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 7. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.34 (s, 1H), 9.23(d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.75 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.33-8.16 (m, 1H), 7.95 (d,J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.38 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (s, 1H),7.26 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 3.44 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 4H), 3.06-3.01(m, 4H). LCMS: m/z=430 (M+H)⁺

Example 9 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-8-cyclopropyl-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide,Compound 003

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: Compound 10 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 6.

Step 2: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure, as describedin Example 1, compound 7. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.92 (s, 1H), 9.31(d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=8.8Hz, 3H), 7.47 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.32 (m, 3H), 7.25 (t, J=7.3 Hz,1H), 6.89 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 3.11 (s, 4H), 2.93 (d, J=4.3Hz, 4H), 2.41-2.34 (m, 1H), 1.19 (dd, J=5.7, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 1.12-1.03 (m,2H). LCMS: m/z=464 (M+H)⁺

Example 10 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-2-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)quinoline-6-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (10 g, 0.53 mol) and m-CPBA (18.4 g,0.106 mol) in DCM (50 ml) was stirred at r.t. overnight. Aq. NaHCO₃ (40ml, saturated) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 30 min.The organic layer was separated, dried, filtered and concentrated toobtain a residue, which was re-crystallized by EA (5 ml) to affordcompound 2 (8.7 g, 80%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 2: To a solution of compound 2 (4.0 g, 0.020) and DMF (8 ml) in DCMwas added SOCl₂ (8 ml) slowly at 0° C. and stirred at r.t. for 5 h. Theresulting mixture was concentrated to obtain a residue, and DCM (50 ml)with Aq. NaHCO₃ (saturated, 20 ml) was added and stirred for 30 min. Theorganic layer was separated and concentrated to obtain a residue, whichwas purified by silica gel chromatography to afford compound 3 (1.3 g,30%) as a white solid.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (10 g, 0.045 mol), CuI (10 g, 0.53 mol),amine (10 g, 0.135 mol) and K₂CO₃ (18.6 g, 0.135 mol) in DMSO (120 ml)was stirred at 100° C. for overnight. Upon completion as monitored byTLC (thin-layer chromatography), 300 ml of EA (ethyl acetate) was added,followed by filtration (underlay 15 cm diatomite). Concentration of themixture yielded a residue, to which water (300 ml) and aq. citric acid(saturated, 30 ml) were added. Stirring at r.t. for 30 min., followed byfiltration yielded compound 4 (18 g, ˜100%) as a yellow solid to be usedin the next step without purification.

Step 4: A mixture of compound 4 (18 g, crude) and 2M NaOH (50 ml) inEtOH (100 mL) and THF (100 ml) was stirred at 70° C. for 4 h. TLC wasused to monitor the reaction to completion. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated to a residue, to which water (300 mL) and aq. sat. citricacid (40 ml) were added. Subsequent filtration yielded compound 5 (14.5g, 91% over two step) as a yellow solid.

Step 5: A mixture of compound 5 (100 mg, 0.3 mmol), compound 6 (81.2 mg,1.2 mmol), HOAT (150 mg, 1.1 mmol), EDCI (200 mg, 1.1 mmol), DIPEA (300mg, 2.3 mmol) and 4A (20 g) in DMF (40 mL) was stirred at 55° C. forovernight. Put into some H₂O and extracted with EA (20 ml×3), separated,dried and concentrated to get a crude product Purified by Prep-TLC, getthe desired product 7 (95.1 mg, 54%).

Step 6: Compound 8 was prepared according to the procedure, as describedin Example 1, compound 6. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.73 (s, 1H), 8.34(d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J=8.7, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H),7.53 (dd, J=18.2, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.3, 2.1Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=3.4 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J=5.0, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d,J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (s, 2H), 3.61 (t, J=5.2 Hz,2H), 3.55 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H). LCMS: m/z=419 (M+H)⁺

Example 11 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-6-cyclopropyl-7-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Compound 9 was prepared according to the procedure as described inExample 7, compound 11 or 12. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.80 (s, 1H),9.15 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d,J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=3.1 Hz,1H), 7.08-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.98 (s,1H), 5.22 (s, 2H), 3.66 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.35(s, 3H), 1.84 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 1.02 (dd, J=8.2, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 0.67 (d,J=4.0 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=459 (M+H)⁺

Example 12 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-6-cyclopropyl-7-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: 2-methoxyethanol was dissolved in THF followed by addition ofNaH at 0° C. After stirring at 0° C. for 20 min., compound 2 was addedand the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 5 h. The mixture wasconcentrated and quenched with ice water. The mixture was extracted withethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purifiedby silica gel chromatography to give compound 3 (1.2 g, 34%) as a whitesolid.

Compound 9 was prepared according to the procedure as described inExample 11, compound 9. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.94 (s, 1H), 9.27 (s,1H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 7.62-7.54 (m, 4H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.32 (m, 3H),7.25 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 4.51-4.23(m, 2H), 3.96-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 2.37-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.05 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 0.84 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=454 (M+H)⁺

Example 13 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (500 mg, 1.97 mmol) in DMSO wasadded compound 2 (563 mg, 3.94 mmol) and KOH (220 mg, 3.94 mmol). Theresulting reaction mixture was stirred at 45° C. for 4 h, quenched withH₂O, and extracted with EA (2×25 ml). The combined organic layers werepurified by gel chromatography to yield the desired product, compound 3(600 mg, 83%).

Step 2: Compound 4 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 6.

Step 3: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 8.

Step 4: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 5: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.71 (s, 1H), 8.36(s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=15.0, 10.5 Hz, 4H), 7.40(t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.89(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.24 (s, 2H), 3.59-3.48 (m, 4H), 2.64(s, 2H), 2.41 (s, 4H), 2.00 (s, 1H), 0.91 (dd, J=8.2, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 0.64(d, J=3.6 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=481 (M+H)⁺

Example 14 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Compound 4 was prepared according to the procedure as described inExample 13, compound 7. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.72 (s, 1H), 8.36 (s,1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (dd, J=10.3, 4.7 Hz, 3H), 7.52 (d,J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (dd, J=8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H),7.25 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (s,2H), 4.29 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 2.00(s, 1H), 0.91 (dd, J=8.3, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 0.72-0.58 (m, 2H). LCMS: m/z=426(M+H)⁺

Example 15 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-cyclopropyl-8-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: Compound 2 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 6.

Step 2: To a solution of compound 2 (1.2 g, 5 mmol) in 16 ml 98%H₂SO₄/H₂O (5:3) was added NBS (866 mg, 5 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred at r.t. for 2 h and extracted with DCM (20 ml). The organiclayer was dried and concentrated to give a crude product, which waspurified by silica gel column to yield the desired product 3 (517 mg,32.5%).

Step 3: Compound 4 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 4.

Step 4: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 5.

Step 5: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 6: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.35 (s, 1H), 8.92(s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.54 (m, 3H),7.45-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.25 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (s, 4H), 2.93 (s, 1H), 2.51 (s, 4H), 1.11 (d,J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 0.83 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=464 (M+H)⁺

Example 16 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)ethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: Compound 3 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 2: To a solution of compound 3 (300 mg, 0.70 mmol) in DMF was addedcompound 4 (312 mg, 1.4 mmol). NaH (168 mg, 4.2 mmol) was added at 0° C.at which point the reaction mixture was warmed to r.t and stirredovernight. The reaction was quenched with H₂O, extracted with EA (2×20ml) and the combined organic layers were purified by gel chromatography(DCM:MeOH=20:1) to afford the desired product of compound 5 (80 mg,17%).

Step 3: To a solution of compound 5 (70 mg, 0.15 mmol) in CH₃CN wasadded K₂CO₃ (21 mg, 0.15 mmol) and compound 6 (21 mg, 0.15 mmol), at 60°C. was stirred overnight, extracted with EA (2×15 ml), combined theorganic layer, purified by prep-TLC (PE:EA=1:1) to afford the desiredproduct of compound 7 (39 mg, 49%).

Step 4: Compound 8 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.65 (s, 1H), 8.30(s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.53 (m, 4H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.40(t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J=8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 6.88 (d,J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.29 (s, 2H), 3.30(s, 2H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 2.92 (s, 2H), 2.64 (s, 2H). LCMS: m/z=429 (M+H)⁺

Example 17 Synthesis of3-allyl-N-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: Compound 2 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 14, compound 3.

Step 2: To a solution of compound 2 (517 mg, 1.42 mmol) in DMSO wasadded compound 3 (483 mg, 2.84 mmol), CsF (437 mg, 2.84 mmol), andPd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (28 mg, 0.04 mmol) under a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction wasstirred overnight at 100° C. The reaction mixture was extracted with EA(2×25 ml) and the combined organic layers were purified by gelchromatography (PE:EA=4:1) to yield the desired product, compound 4 (293mg, 63%). Step 3: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure asdescribed in Example 3, compound 8.

Step 4: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 5: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.67 (s, 1H), 8.27(s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (t, J=9.1 Hz, 4H), 7.33 (ddd,J=38.7, 17.0, 7.4 Hz, 5H), 6.89 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.09 (d, J=6.8 Hz,1H), 5.10 (dd, J=45.0, 11.9 Hz, 4H), 4.29 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (s,6H), 2.66 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s, 4H). LCMS: m/z=481 (M+H)⁺

Example 18 Synthesis ofethyl(3-((4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)carbamoyl)-8-cyclopropylquinolin-7-yl)carbamate

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 2: To a solution of compound 7 (140 mg, 0.24 mmol) in dioxane wasadded DDQ (54 mg, 0.48 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1hour at 100° C., quenched with sat. citric acid, and adjusted to a pH of9 through addition of NaHCO₃. The resulting solution was extracted withEA (2×20 ml) and the combined organic layers were concentrated.Crystallization from EA and PE (3:1) afforded the desired product,compound 8 (65 mg, 55%).

Step 3: To a solution of compound 8 (65 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DCM at 0° C.was added ethyl carbonochloridate (142 mg, 1.3 mmol) and Et₃N (141 mg.14.3 mmol). The reaction was stirred at r.t. overnight, quenched withaqueous NaHCO₃ and extracted with EA (2×15 ml). The organic layers werecombined and concentrated to afford the desired product, compound 9 (60mg, 82%).

Step 4: Compound 10 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.08 (s, 1H), 9.39(s, 1H), 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.93 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.86-7.78(m, 1H), 7.64-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.41 (dd, J=13.0, 5.2 Hz, 3H), 7.26 (t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.15 (s,1H), 1.29 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.12 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 0.81 (d,J=4.0 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=467 (M+H)⁺

Example 19 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (1.0 g, 5.2 mmol) in DCE (50 ml) wasadded POBr₃ (8.8 g, 31.2 mmol) and imidazole (1.4 g, 20.8 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at 80° C. overnight. Water and DCM were added tothe reaction, and the organic layer was separated, washed with brine,and dried under reduced pressure to give compound 2 (1.1 g, 84%).

Step 2: Compound 3 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 14, compound 3.

Step 3: Compound 4 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 6.

Step 4: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 8.

Step 5: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 6: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.61 (s, 1H), 8.15(d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=8.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=4.8, 2.5Hz, 3H), 7.49 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (dd,J=8.3, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.23(s, 1H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 4.43 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.62-3.52 (m, 4H), 2.66(t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.47 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 4H), 2.16-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.08-0.96(m, 2H), 0.75 (q, J=5.9 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=481.3 (M+H)⁺.

Example 20 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as described inExample 19, compound 7. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.63 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d,J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=8.6, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (dd, J=4.6, 2.4 Hz,3H), 7.51 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J=8.3,2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.23 (s,1H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.49 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.21(d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 2.11-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.05-0.96 (m, 2H), 0.80-0.67 (m,2H). LCMS: m/z=426 (M+H)⁺

Example 21 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 17, compound 5.

Step 2: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.66 (s, 1H), 8.30(s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (ddd, J=21.0, 19.7, 5.9 Hz, 5H),7.40 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J=8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (t, J=7.3 Hz,1H), 6.89 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.34(t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (s, 4H), 2.73 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (s, 4H).LCMS: m/z=440 (M+H)⁺

Example 22 Synthesis ofN-(2-aminobenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (1.0 g, 4.72 mmol) in 15 ml HOAc wasadded 5 ml 95% HNO₃. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 24 h. TLC wasused to monitor the reaction to completion. The reaction mixture waspoured into H₂O and extracted with EA. The combined organic layers weredried and concentrated to give a crude product, which was purified bysilica gel column to afford compound 2 as a red solid (800 mg, 55%).

Step 2: To a solution of compound 2 (1.2 g, 2.3 mmol) in 20 ml EtOH wasadded 5 ml NH₃.H₂O (30%) in sealed tube. The mixture was stirred at 70°C. for 24 h. The reaction was then cooled and H₂O was added followed byextraction with EA. The combined organic layers were dried andconcentrated to give a crude product which was further purified bysilica gel column to afford the desired product, compound 3 (800 mg,88%).

Step 3: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 4: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 2, compound 8.

Step 5: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.85 (s, 1H), 9.29(d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.81 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=9.2Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=9.1, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.03 (ddd, J=8.1, 5.8, 2.6 Hz, 1H),5.93 (s, 2H), 3.39 (s, 4H), 2.97 (s, 4H). LCMS: m/z=404 (M+H)⁺

Example 23 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-8-cyclopropyl-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: Compound 8 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11.

Step 7: To a solution of compound 8 (30 mg, 0.064 mmol) in THF was addedEt₃N (26 mg, 0.28 mmol), and iodomethane (20 mg, 0.14 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at r.t. for 1 hour, quenched with H₂O, andextracted with EA (2×15 ml). The combined organic layers were purifiedby Prep-HPLC to afford the desired product, compound 9 (7 mg, 23%).

Example 24 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indazole-5-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (1.7 g, 0.01 mol) and NBS (2.1 g, 0.012mol) in THF (10 ml) was stirred at r.t. overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated to yield a residue, to which was added DCM (5 ml). Afterstirring for 30 min, the solution was filtered to yield compound 2 (1.9g, 80%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 2: A mixture of compound 2 (1.0 g, 0.004 mol),4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine (1.2 g, 0.008 mol) and Cs2CO3 (2.5 g, 0.016mol) in DMSO (10 ml) was stirred at r.t. overnight. Water (20 ml) wasadded to the reaction mixture, and then extracted with EA (50 ml×2). Theorganic layers were combined, dried and concentrated to a residue, whichwas re-crystallized by PE (10 ml) to afford compound 3 (500 mg, 70%) asa light yellow solid.

Step 3: Compound 8 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 7. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.80 (s, 1H), 8.52(s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=12.8, 4.7 Hz,3H), 7.40 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (dd, J=8.3, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 3.51(s, 4H), 2.74 (s, 2H), 2.43 (s, 2H), 2.35 (s, 1H), 1.13-0.95 (m, 4H).LCMS: m/z=482 (M+H)⁺

A similar reaction scheme is presented in US Patent Publication No. US2005/130960.

Example 25 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: Compound 2 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 20, compound 2.

Step 2: Compound 3 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 14, compound 3.

Step 3: Compound 4 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 6.

Step 4: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 8.

Step 5: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 6: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.63 (s, 1H), 8.16(s, 1H), 7.79-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=5.1 Hz,1H), 7.29 (dd, J=8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd,J=5.0, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H),4.43 (s, 2H), 3.57 (s, 5H), 2.77-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.09 (s, 1H), 1.02 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 0.76 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=487.2 (M+H)+.

Example 26 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide,Compound 004

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: Compound 2 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 20, compound 2.

Step 2: Compound 3 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 14, compound 3.

Step 3: Compound 4 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 6.

Step 4: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 8.

Step 5: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 10.

Step 6: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 3, compound 11. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.68 (s, 1H), 8.62(s, 2H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.99-7.77 (m, 4H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H),7.58 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.81-4.54(m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 4H), 3.21 (d, J=40.1 Hz, 6H), 2.11 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 1H),1.14-1.00 (m, 2H), 0.88-0.71 (m, 2H). LCMS: m/z=482.2 (M+H)+.

Example 27 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide,Compound 001

Experimental Procedure

A mixture of compound 7 (95 mg 0.15 mmol) and TFA (2 ml) in 2 ml DCM wasstirred at r.t. for 2 h. Evaporation of the solvent yielded crudeproduct which was purified by HPLC to afford the white product, compound8 (19 mg, 30%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.79 (s, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=1.8Hz, 1H), 8.17-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=2.0 Hz,1H), 7.36 (dd, J=5.1, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.25 (d, J=3.5 Hz,1H), 7.06 (dd, J=5.0, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (s, 2H),3.73 (s, 4H), 2.89 (s, 4H). LCMS: m/z=430 (M+H)⁺

Example 28 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (2.4 g, 0.01 mol), ethynylcyclopropane(6.6 g, 0.1 mol), (dppf)2PdCl2 (1.6 g, 0.002 mol), CuI (750 mg, 0.004mol) and NEt3 (3.03 g, 0.03 mol) in THF (100 ml) was stirred at 80° C.under N₂ atmosphere overnight. The mixture was cooled, filtered, andconcentrated to obtain a residue, which was purified by silica gelcolumn to give compound 2 (2.1 g, 90%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 2: A mixture of compound 2 (2.3 g, 0.01 mol), Kt-BuO (3.4 g, 0.03mol), in DMF (50 ml) was stirred at 80° C. under overnight. The mixturewas concentrated to a residue, to which was added brine (100 ml),extracted with EA (200 ml), and washed with water (50 ml). the resultingorganic layers were combined, dried and concentrated to give compound 3(1.8 g, 80%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (2.3 g, 0.01 mol),4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine (3.0 g, 0.02 mol) and Cs₂CO₃ in DMF (50 ml)was stirred at r.t. overnight. The mixture was poured into water (100ml), extracted with EA (200 ml), and washed with water (50 ml). Theresulting organic layers were separated, dried, and concentrated to givecompound 4 (2.4 g, 70%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 4: A mixture of compound 4 (1.7 g, 0.005 mol) in 4M HCl (50 ml) wasstirred at 80° C. overnight. The mixture was concentrated to givecompound 5 (1.5 g, 95%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 5: A mixture of compound 5 (315 mg, 1 mmol), compound 6 (284 mg, 1mmol), HOAT (300 mg, 2.2 mmol), EDCI (400 mg, 2.2 mmol), DMAP (268 mg,2.2 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was stirred at 55° C. overnight. The reactionmixture was added to H₂O and extracted with EA (20 ml×3). The resultingorganic layers were combined, dried and concentrated to give the crudeproduct which was purified by Prep-TLC to yield compound 7 (290 mg, 50%)as light yellow solid.

Step 6: A mixture of compound 7 (116 mg 0.2 mmol) and TFA (5 mL) in 5 mLDCM was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated to aresidue, which was purified by HPLC to afford compound 8 (38 mg, 40%) aslight yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.75 (s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H),8.44 (s, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 3H), 7.39 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (dd,J=8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.26(s, 1H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 4.53 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (s, 4H), 2.72 (t,J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.49-2.44 (m, 4H), 2.15 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 1.06 (d, J=4.1Hz, 2H), 0.81 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=482 (M+H)⁺.

Example 29 SynthesisN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-8-cyclopropyl-7-morpholinoisoquinoline-3-carboxamide

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (2.8 g, 0.01 mol), morpholine (2.6 g,0.03 mol), Pd₂(dba)₃, (916 mg, 0.001 mol), RuPhos (467 mg, 0.001 mol)and Cs₂CO₃ (9.8 g, 0.03 mol) in toluene (150 ml) was stirred at 95° C.under N₂ atmosphere overnight. The mixture was cooled, filtered, andconcentrated to obtain a residue, which was purified by silica gelcolumn to give compound 2 (1.9 g, 65%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 2: A solution of compound 2 (1.8 g, 0.005 mol) in DCM (30 ml) wasadded NBS (885 mg, 0.005 mol) at 0° C. and stirred for 1 h. The mixturewas added to H₂O (10 ml) and stirred for 30 min. the resulting organiclayer was separated, dried, and concentrated to give compound 3 (1.3 g,70%) as a light yellow solid for use in the next step withoutpurification.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (1.1 g, 0.003 mol), cyclopropyl boronicacid (2.2 g, 0.025 mol), Pd(OAc)₂ (56 mg, 0.00025 mol),tricyclohexylphosphine (70 mg, 0.00025 mol) and K₃PO₄ (1.6 g, 0.0075mol) in toluene (100 ml) and water (20 ml) was stirred at 100° C. underN₂ atmosphere overnight. The mixture was cooled, filtered, andconcentrated to obtain a residue, which was purified by silica gelcolumn to give compound 4 (636 mg, 65%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 4: A solution of compound 4 (652 g, 2 mmol) in EtOH (20 ml) and THF(20 ml) was added 2M NaOH (10 ml) and stirred at 60° C. for 3 h. Themixture was concentrated to get a residue, which was purified by flashcolumn to give compound 5 (536 mg, 90%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 5: A mixture of compound 5 (298 mg, 1 mmol), compound 6 (290 mg, 1mmol), HOAT (150 mg, 1.1 mmol), EDCI (200 mg, 1.1 mmol), DIPEA (300 mg,2.3 mmol) in DMF (40 ml) was stirred at 55° C. overnight. The reactionmixture was then added to H₂O and extracted with EA (20 ml×3),separated, dried, and concentrated to give a crude product purified byPrep-TLC to give the desired product, compound 7 (256 mg, 45%) as alight yellow solid.

Step 6: A mixture of compound 7 (114 mg 0.2 mmol) and TFA (5 ml) in 5 mlDCM was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated to aresidue, which was purified by HPLC to afford compound 8 (37 mg, 40%) aslight yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.37 (s, 1H), 9.87 (s,1H), 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.63(d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.09 (dd,J=5.1, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 4H), 3.25 (s, 4H),2.26 (m, 1H), 1.31 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 2H), 0.79 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 2H). LCMS:m/z=471 (M+H)⁺.

Example 30 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-8-cyclopropyl-7-(piperazin-1-yl)isoquinoline-3-carboxamide

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (2.8 g, 0.01 mol), tert-butylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (6.6 g, 0.03 mol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (916 mg, 0.001mol), RuPhos (467 mg, 0.001 mol) and Cs₂CO₃ (9.8 g, 0.03 mol) in toluene(150 mL) was stirred at 95° C. under N₂ atmosphere for overnight. Themixture was cooled, filtered, and concentrated to obtain a residue,which was purified by silica gel column to give compound 2 (3.3 g, 87%)as a light yellow solid.

Step 2: A solution of compound 2 (1.9 g, 0.005 mol) in DCM (30 ml) wasadded NBS (885 mg, 0.005 mol) at 0° C. and stirred for 1 h. The reactionmixture was added to H₂O (10 ml), stirred for 30 min. The resultingorganic layer was separated, dried, and concentrated to give compound 3(1.6 g, 70%) as a light yellow solid to be used in the next step withoutpurification.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (1.2 g, 0.0025 mol), cyclopropyl boronicacid (2.2 g, 0.025 mol), Pd(OAc)₂ (56 mg, 0.00025 mol),tricyclohexylphosphine (70 mg, 0.00025) and K₃PO₄ (1.6 g, 0.0075 mol) intoluene (100 ml) and water (20 ml) was stirred at 100° C. under N₂atmosphere overnight. The mixture was cooled, filtered, and concentratedto obtain a residue, which was purified by silica gel column to givecompound 4 (1.1 g, 80%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 4: A solution of compound 4 (1.1 g, 0.0025 mol) in EtOH (20 ml) andTHF (20 ml) was added 2M NaOH (10 ml) and stirred at 60° C. for 3 h. Themixture was concentrated to a residue, to which was added aq.sat.citricacid (10 ml). The mixture was extracted with EA (150 ml), washed withwater (50 ml), and the resulting organic layers were combined, dried andconcentrated to give compound 5 (890 g, 90%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 5: A mixture of compound 5 (397 mg, 1 mmol), compound 6 (284 mg,1.2 mmol), HOAT (150 mg, 1.1 mmol), EDCI (200 mg, 1.1 mmol), DIPEA (300mg, 2.3 mmol) in DMF (40 ml) was stirred at 55° C. for overnight. Thereaction mixture was poured into H₂O and extracted with EA (20 ml×3),separated, dried, and concentrated to give a crude product. Purificationby Prep-TLC yielded the desired product, compound 7 (345 mg, 52%) as alight yellow solid.

Step 6: A mixture of compound 7 (132 mg 0.2 mmol) and TFA (5 ml) in 5 mlDCM was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated to aresidue, which was purified by HPLC to afford compound 8 (32 mg, 32%) aslight yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.28 (s, 1H), 9.87 (s,1H), 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.60(m, 3H), 7.41 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.22 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, J=8.3 Hz,1H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 3.33 (s, 4H), 3.08 (s, 4H), 2.25 (s, 1H), 1.30 (d,J=4.2 Hz, 2H), 0.77 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=464 (M+H)⁺

Example 31 SynthesisN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-8-cyclopropyl-7-(piperazin-1-yl)isoquinoline-3-carboxamide

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (397 mg, 1 mmol), compound 2 (290 mg,1.2 mmol), HOAT (150 mg, 1.1 mmol), EDCI (200 mg, 1.1 mmol), DIPEA (300mg, 2.3 mmol) in DMF (40 ml) was stirred at 55° C. for overnight. Thereaction mixture was poured into H₂O and extracted with EA (20 ml×3),separated, dried, and concentrated to give a crude product. Purificationby Prep-TLC yielded the desired product, compound 7 (375 mg, 56%) as alight yellow solid.

Step 2: A mixture of compound 3 (167 mg, 0.25 mmol) and TFA (5 ml) in 5ml DCM was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated to aresidue, which was purified by HPLC to afford compound 4 (47 mg, 40%) aslight yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.25 (s, 1H), 9.85 (s,1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.60(d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.07 (dd,J=5.0, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (s, 2H), 3.16 (s, 4H),3.00-2.88 (m, 4H), 2.24 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 1.29 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 0.76(d, J=4.1 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=470 (M+H)⁺

Example 32 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-8-cyclopropyl-7-morpholinoquinoline-3-carboxamide

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (600 mg, 2.1 mmol) in DCM (25 ml)was added NBS (485 mg, 2.7 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction solution was thenstirred at r.t. for 2 h. and quenched with sat. NaHCO₃, washed withwater, brine, dried and concentrated to get a residue, which waspurified by column (PE/EA=4/1) to give compound 2 (600 mg, 73%) as ayellow oil.

Step 2: A mixture of compound 2 (440 mg, 1.2 mmol), cyclopropylboronicacid (310 mg, 3.6 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (27 mg, 0.12 mmol),tricyclohexylphosphine (34 mg, 0.12 mmol), K₃PO₄ (763 mg, 3.6 mmol),toluene (8 ml) and H₂O (4 ml) was heated to 100° C. and stirredovernight under N₂ atmosphere. The reaction was filtered andconcentrated to give a residue, which was purified by column (PE/EA=3/1)to give compound 3 (220 mg, 59%) as a yellow oil.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (200 mg, 0.61 mmol) and HCl (2.0 M inH₂O, 5 ml) was heated to 100° C. and stirred overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated to give compound 4 (200 mg, crude) as a light yellow solid.

Step 4: A mixture of compound 4 (200 mg, 0.67 mmol), EDCI (257 mg, 1.34mmol), HOAT (182 mg, 1.34 mmol), DIPEA (1.0 ml), and DMF (5 ml) wasstirred at r.t. for 10 min. The amine (152 mg, 0.54 mmol) was thenadded, and the mixture was heated to 60° C. and stirred overnight. H₂Owas added to the reaction mixture and the resulting precipitate wascollected to afford compound 5 (210 mg, 69%) as a yellow oil.

Step 5: To a solution of compound 5 (100 mg, 0.33 mmol) in dioxane (4ml) was added HCl (4.0 ml, 4.0 M in dioxane) at 0° C., and then thereaction solution was stirred at r.t. overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated to a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC to affordcompound 6 (37 mg, 45%) as yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.94(s, 1H), 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.83 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.53(m, 3H), 7.49 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.31 (m, 3H), 7.25 (t, J=7.3 Hz,1H), 6.89 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 3.84 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 4H), 3.20(s, 4H), 2.36 (dd, J=12.8, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.14 (dd, J=34.8, 5.9 Hz, 4H).LCMS: m/z=465 (M+H)⁺

Example 33 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indazole-5-carboxamide

Step 1: A mixture of 1 (591 mg, 3.366 mmol), 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine(1.0 mg, 6.72 mmol), KOH (376 mg, 6.72 mmol) in DMSO (10 ml) was stirredat 25° C. overnight. The mixture was extracted with EA. The combinedorganic layers were washed with water and brine, dried, and concentratedto give a residue, which was purified by column (PE/EA=1/1) to givecompound 2 (600 mg, 78%) as a white solid.

Step 2: A mixture of compound 2 (400 mg, 1.38 mmol) and HCl (2.0 M inH₂O, 10 ml) was heated to 100° C. and stirred overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated to give compound 3 (370 mg, 95%) as a white solid.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (150 mg, 0.54 mmol), EDCI (207 mg, 1.08mmol), HOAT (147 mg, 1.08 mmol), DIPEA (1.0 ml) and DMF (5 ml) wasstirred at r.t. for 10 min. The amine (125 mg, 0.44 mmol) was added, andthen the mixture was heated to 60° C. and stirred overnight. H₂O wasadded to the reaction mixture and the precipitate was collected toafford compound 4 (120 mg, 34%) as a brown solid.

Step 4: To a solution of compound 4 (100 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DCM (5 ml)was added TFA (1.0 ml) at 0° C., and the reaction solution was stirredat r.t. for 45 mins. The reaction mixture was concentrated to a residue,which was purified by prep-HPLC to afford compound 5 (40 mg, 41%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.77 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.25(s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=7.9Hz, 3H), 7.40 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (dd, J=8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 4.58 (t, J=6.4 Hz,2H), 3.54-3.42 (m, 4H), 2.79 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s, 4H). LCMS:m/z=442 (M+H)⁺

Example 34 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (591 mg, 3.366 mmol),4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine (1.0 mg, 6.72 mmol), KOH (376 mg, 6.72 mmol)in DMSO (10 ml) was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The mixture wasextracted with EA. The resulting combined organic layers were washedwith water and brine, dried, and concentrated to a residue, which waspurified by column chromatography (PE/EA=1/1) to give compound 2 (246mg, 19%) as a white solid.

Step 2: A mixture of compound 2 (400 mg, 1.38 mmol) and HCl (2.0 M inH₂O, 10 ml) was heated to 100° C. for overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated to give compound 3 (370 mg, 95%) as a white solid.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (150 mg, 0.54 mmol), EDCI (207 mg, 1.08mmol), HOAT (147 mg, 1.08 mmol), DIPEA (1.0 ml) and DMF (5 ml) wasstirred at r.t. for 10 min. The amine (125 mg, 0.44 mmol) was added, andthen the mixture was heated to 60° C. and stirred overnight. Water wasadded to the mixture and the precipitate was collected to affordcompound 4 (120 mg, 34%) as a brown solid.

Step 4: To a solution of compound 4 (100 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DCM (5 ml)was added TFA (1.0 ml) at 0° C. The reaction solution was warmed to r.t.and stirred for 45 mins. The mixture was concentrated to a residue,which was purified by prep-HPLC to afford compound 5 (40 mg, 41%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.72 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.50(s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=7.6Hz, 3H), 7.40 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (dd, J=8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.59 (t, J=6.3 Hz,2H), 3.59-3.45 (m, 4H), 2.88 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (s, 4H). LCMS:m/z=442 (M+H)⁺

Example 35 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-oxoindoline-5-carboxamide

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (100 mg, 0.52 mmol) in AcN (3 ml)was added K₂CO₃ (108 mg, 0.78 mmol) at 85° C. followed by stirring for 5hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by gelchromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to afford compound 2 (30 mg, 19%).

Step 2: A mixture of compound 2 (560 mg, 1.84 mmol) and HCl (2.0 M inH₂O, 10 ml) was heated to 100° C. for overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated to give compound 3 (500 mg, 94%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (50 mg, 0.17 mmol), EDCI (70 mg, 0.34mmol), HOAT (50 mg, 0.34 mmol), DIPEA (1.0 ml) and DCM (5 ml) wasstirred at r.t. for 10 min. The amine-R1 (50 mg, 0.17 mmol) was added,and the resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated and purified by Prep-HPLC to afford compound 4 (35 mg, 37%)as a white solid.

Step 4: To a solution of compound 4 (35 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DCM (2 ml) wasadded TFA (0.4 ml) at 0° C. The reaction solution was then warmed tor.t. and stirred for 45 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated toafford compound 5 (28 mg, 98%) as brown solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ9.81 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=14.9,4.6 Hz, 2H), 7.47-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.27 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=8.3Hz, 1H), 4.14 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 3.66 (d, J=28.0 Hz, 4H),3.45 (s, 2H), 3.18 (d, J=14.5 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=457 (M+H)⁺

Example 36 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-(benzylamino)-8-cyclopropylquinoline-3-carboxamide

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (5.52 g, 20 mmol) in toluene (40 ml)was added compound 2 (4.3 g. 40 mmol), RuPhos (930 mg, 2 mmol),Pd₂(dba)₃ (575 mg, 1 mmol), under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated to100° C. and stirred overnight. Then, the reaction mixture was extractedwith EA (2×50 ml), and the combined organic layers were washed withaqueous NaCl, dried by Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give compound 3 (4.28g, 70%).

Step 2: Compound 4 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 2.

Step 3: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 3.

Step 4: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 4.

Step 5: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 5.

Step 6: Compound 8 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 6. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.79 (s, 1H), 9.24(s, 1H), 8.64 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=7.1Hz, 3H), 7.40 (dd, J=13.6, 7.5 Hz, 4H), 7.34 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H),7.28-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.08 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.62(t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (s, 2H), 4.65 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (s, 2H),1.74 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 1.25 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 0.73 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 2H).LCMS: m/z=485 (M+H)⁺

Example 37 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-8-cyclopropyl-7-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)quinoline-3-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (2 g, 7.17 mmol) in Dioxane (20 ml)was added 2-methoxyethanamine (806 mg, 10.75 mmol) and DIPEA (1.85 g,14.34 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred 100° C. for 6 hours,poured into H₂O, filtered, and dried to give compound 2 (1.37 g, 70%).

Step 2: Compound 3 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 2.

Step 3: Compound 4 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 3.

Step 4: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 4.

Step 5: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 5.

Step 6: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 6. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.85 (s, 1H), 9.24(s, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 3H),7.46-7.17 (m, 6H), 6.89 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (m, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H),3.58 (dd, J=17.0, 4.8 Hz, 5H), 1.67 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 1.20 (d, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 0.64 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=453 (M+H)⁺

Example 38 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Step 1: Compound 3 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 5.

Step 2: To a solution of compound 3 (240 mg, 0.55 mmol) in DMF was addedcompound 4 (300 mg, 0.82 mmol). NaH (133 mg, 5.5 mmol) was added at 0°C. at which point the reaction mixture was warmed to r.t and stirredovernight. The reaction was quenched with H₂O, extracted with EA (2×20ml) and the combined organic layers were purified by gel chromatography(DCM:MeOH=20:1) to afford the desired product, compound 5 (190 mg, 62%).

Step 3: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 33, compound 6. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.65 (s, 1H), 8.29(s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (t, J=9.3 Hz, 4H), 7.50 (d, J=2.5Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J=7.1Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 5.06 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 2H),4.32 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.43 (s, 4H), 2.27 (s,4H), 2.13 (s, 3H). LCMS: m/z=454 (M+H)⁺

Example 39 Synthesis of methyl4-(2-(5-((4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)ethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

Step 1: Compound 3 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 5.

Step 2: To a solution of compound 3 (240 mg, 0.55 mmol) in DMF was addedcompound 4 (300 mg, 0.82 mmol). NaH (133 mg, 5.5 mmol) was added at 0°C. at which point the reaction mixture was warmed to r.t. and stirredovernight. The reaction was quenched with H₂O, extracted with EA (2×20ml) and the combined organic layers were purified by gel chromatography(DCM:MeOH=20:1) to afford the desired product, compound 5 (190 mg, 62%).

Step 3: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 6.

Step 4: To a solution of compound 6 (40 mg, 0.091 mmol) in THF was addedDIPEA (17 mg, 0.136 mmol) followed by methyl carbonochloridate (10.3 mg,0.109 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was quenched with NaHCO₃,extracted with EA (2×10 ml) and the combined organic layers werepurified by Pre-TLC (DCM:MeOH=20:1) to afford the desired product,compound 7 (24 mg, 53%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.65 (s, 1H), 8.29 (s,1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.49 (m, 5H), 7.40 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),7.32 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H),6.58 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.35 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 4.03 (q,J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 2.71 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s, 4H), 1.99(s, 2H). LCMS: m/z=498 (M+H)⁺

Example 40 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-7-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (250 mg, 1.0 mmol) in dry THF (5 ml)was added vinylmagnesium bromide (3.5 ml, 3.5 mmol) at −78° C. and thereaction mixture was stirred for 2 h. The reaction was quenched withNH₄Cl, extracted with EA (2×20 ml), and the combined organic layers werepurified by gel chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to afford the desiredproduct, compound 2 (172 mg, 72%).

Step 2: To a solution of compound 2 (1.6 g, 6.7 mmol) in dry EtOH (20ml) was added SOCl₂ (3.0 ml) and the reaction was stirred at r.t.overnight. The reaction was then concentrated and purified by gelchromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to afford the desired product, compound 3(520 mg, 30%).

Step 3: To a solution of compound 3 (520 mg, 1.95 mmol) in DMSO wasadded 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine (418 mg, 2.92 mmol) followed by KOH(218 mg, 3.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 5°C. The reaction was then quenched with H₂O, extracted with EA (2×20 ml)and the combined organic layers were purified by gel chromatography(PE:EA=5:1) to afford the desired product, compound 4 (420 mg, 57%).

Step 4: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 3.

Step 5: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 4.

Step 6: To a solution of compound 6 (90 mg, 0.286 mmol) in DMF (4 ml)was added tert-butyl 2-amino-4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenylcarbamate (75 mg,0.26 mmol), EDCI (110 mg, 0.572 mmol), and DMAP (53 mg, 0.429). Thereaction mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. The reaction was thenquenched with H₂O, extracted with EA (2×20 ml), and the combined organiclayers were purified by gel chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to afford thedesired product, compound 7 (140 mg, 85%).

Step 7: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 33, compound 6.

Example 41 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoxaline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (1.2 g, 6.67 mmol) in dry EtOH (15ml) was added ethyl 2-oxoacetate (816 mg, 8.0 mmol). The reaction wasstirred at reflux for 4 hours, cooled to r.t., and crystallized fromEtOH to afford the desired product, compound 2 (1.3 g, 89%).

Step 2: A solution of compound 2 (1.3 g, 5.96 mmol) in POCl₃ (10 ml) wasrefluxed for 1 hour, concentrated, and extracted with EA (2×20 ml). Theresulting organic layers were dried with Na₂SO₄ and concentrated toafford the desired product, compound 3 (1.4 g, 100%).

Step 3: To a solution of compound 3 (1.4 g, 5.9 mmol) in Dioxane (15 ml)was added DIPEA (1.14 g, 8.85 mmol) and tert-butylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (1.31 g, 7.08 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred at 100° C. overnight, concentrated, and extracted with EA (2×20ml). The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous NaCl, dried byNa₂SO₄, and concentrated to afford the desired product of compound 4(1.6 g, 70%).

Step 4: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 4.

Step 5: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 5.

Step 6: Compound 8 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 32, compound 6. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.85 (s, 1H), 8.76(s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.96-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.57 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H),7.46-7.17 (m, 3H), 6.89 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 4.05-4.01 (m,4H), 3.25-3.22 (m, 4H). LCMS: m/z=431 (M+H)⁺

Example 42N-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-8-cyclopropyl-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (4.84 g, 0.02 mol), cyclopropyl boronicacid (5.16 g, 0.06 mol), Pd(OAc)₂ (448 mg, 0.002 mol),tricyclohexylphosphine (560 mg, 0.002 mol) and K₃PO₄ (12.6 g, 0.06 mol)in toluene (100 mL) and water (20 mL) was stirred at 100° C. under N₂overnight. The mixture was cooled, filtered, and concentrated to obtaina residue, which was purified by silica gel column to give compound 2(3.47 g, 85%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 2: A mixture of compound 2 (3.08 g, 0.015 mol) and NBS (3.19 g,0.018 mol) in DCM was stirred at r.t. overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated to a residue, which was purified by silica gel column toobtain compound 3 (3.18 g, 75%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (2.8 g, 0.01 mol), Pd(PPh₃)₄Cl₂ (1.2 g,0.001 mol), ethyl acrylate (10.0 g, 0.1 mol) and KAcO (7.6 g, 0.1 mol)in toluene (100 mL) was stirred at 100° C. under N₂ overnight. Themixture was cooled, filtered, and concentrated to obtain a residue,which was purified by silica gel column to give compound 4 (1.4 g, 47%)as a light yellow solid.

Step 4: A mixture of compound 4 (1.5 g, 0.005 mol) and con. H₂SO₄ (10mol) in EtOH (100 ml) was stirred at 90° C. for 2 days. The mixture wasconcentrated and filtered to obtain compound 5 (1.2 g, 94%) as a lightyellow solid.

Step 5: To a solution of compound 5 (1.3 g, 0.005 mol) and DMF (3 ml) inDCM (30 ml) was added SOCl₂ (3 mL). The reaction was stirred for 5 h at0° C. The reaction mixture was concentrated to obtain a residue, towhich was added DCM (100 ml) and aq. sat. NaHCO₃ (20 ml) followed bystirring for 30 min. The organic layer was separated, dried, andconcentrated to give compound 6 (1.3 g, 93%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 6: A mixture of compound 6 (1.4 g, 0.005 mol), tert-butylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (2.8 g, 0.015 mol), and CuI (950 mg, 0.005 mol)in DMSO (15 ml) was stirred at 100° C. overnight. The mixture wasfiltered and EA (200 ml) and water (100 ml) were added to the filtrate.The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min., and the organic layer wasseparated, dried, and concentrated to give compound 7 (2.0 g, 93%) as alight yellow solid.

Step 7: To a solution of compound 7 (2.1 g, 0.005 mol) in EtOH (20 ml)and THF (20 ml) was added 2M NaOH (10 ml). The reaction mixture wasstirred at 60° C. for 3 h. The mixture was subsequently concentrated toa residue, to which was added aq.sat.citric acid (10 ml). The resultingmixture was extracted with EA (150 ml) and washed with water (50 ml).The organic layer was separated, dried, and concentrated to givecompound 8 (1.9 g, 96%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 8: A mixture of compound 8 (397 mg, 1 mmol), compound 9 (290 mg, 1mmol), HOAT (300 mg, 2.2 mmol), EDCI (400 mg, 2.2 mmol), and DIPEA (600mg, 4.6 mmol) in DMF (20 ml) was stirred at 55° C. overnight. Thereaction mixture was added to H₂O and extracted with EA (20 ml×3),separated, dried, and concentrated to give the crude product.Purification by Prep-TLC yielded the desired product, compound 10 (361mg, 54%).

Step 9: A mixture of compound 10 (334 mg 1 mmol) and TFA (5 ml) in 5 mlDCM was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated to aresidue, which was purified by HPLC to afford a white product, compound11. (150 mg, 32%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.80 (s, 2H), 8.22 (s, 1H),8.18 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.29 (m, 3H),7.26 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd, J=5.0, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.3 Hz,1H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 4H), 3.06 (s, 4H), 3.05-2.97 (m, 1H),1.12-1.02 (m, 2H), 0.92 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=470 (M+H)⁺

Example 43 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indazole-5-carboxamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (429 mg, 0.0026 mol) and NBS (0.7 g,0.0039 mol) in DCM was stirred at r.t. for 3 h. The mixture wasconcentrated to a residue, which was purified by Prep-TLC to obtaincompound 2 (522 mg, 83%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 2: To a mixture of compound 2 (2.2 g, 9.1 mmol) in HOAc (40 ml) wasadded a solution of NaNO₂ (6.27 g, 9.1 mmol) in H₂O (9 ml) dropwise. Themixture was stirred at ambient temperature for five h. and thenconcentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was triturated with ethylacetate (40 ml) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to affordcompound 3 (575 mg, 25%).

Step 3: Compound 4 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 40, compound 4.

Step 4: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 40, compound 5.

Step 5: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 40, compound 6.

Step 6: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 40, compound 7.

Step 7: Compound 8 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 40, compound 8. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO+D2O) δ 8.35 (s, 1H),8.31 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H),7.46-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.28 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.02(t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (s, 4H), 3.04 (s, 2H), 2.68 (s, 4H), 2.55 (s,2H), 2.48 (s, 1H), 1.13 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 2H). LCMS:m/z=482 (M+H)⁺

Example 44 Synthesis ofN-(2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-2-naphthamide

Experimental Procedure

Step 1: A mixture of compound 1 (2.8 g, 0.01 mol), morpholine (2.6 g,0.03 mol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (916 mg, 0.001 mol), RuPhos (467 mg, 0.001 mol) andCs₂CO₃ (9.8 g, 0.03 mol) in toluene (150 ml) was stirred at 95° C. underN₂ overnight. The mixture was cooled, filtered, and concentrated toobtain a residue, which was purified by silica gel column to givecompound 2 (1.9 g, 65%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 2: To a solution of compound 2 (1.9 g, 0.005 mol) in DCM (30 ml)was added NBS 885 g, 0.005 mol) at 0° C. The resulting reaction mixturewas stirred for 1 h at which time water (10 ml) was added. The reactionwas stirred for 30 min and the organic layer was separated, dried, andconcentrated to give compound 3 (1.3 g, 70%) as a light yellow solid.The crude product was used in the next step.

Step 3: A mixture of compound 3 (1.38 g, 0.003 mol), cyclopropyl boronicacid (2.2 g, 0.025 mol), Pd(OAc)₂ (56 mg, 0.00025 mol),tricyclohexylphosphine (70 mg, 0.00025) and K₃PO₄ (1.6 g, 0.0075 mol) intoluene (100 ml) and water (20 ml) was stirred at 100° C. under N₂overnight. The mixture was cooled, filtered, and concentrated to obtaina residue, which was purified by silica gel column yielding compound 4(636 mg, 65%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 4: To a solution of compound 4 (848 mg, 2 mmol) in EtOH (20 ml) andTHF (20 ml) was added 2M NaOH (10 ml). The reaction mixture was stirredat 60° C. for 3 h. Then, the mixture was concentrated to a residue,which was purified by flash column to afford compound 5 (536 mg, 90%) asa light yellow solid.

Step 5: A mixture of compound 5 (396 mg, 1 mmol), compound 6 (290 mg, 1mmol), HOAT (150 mg, 1.1 mmol), EDCI (200 mg, 1.1 mmol), DIPEA (300 mg,2.3 mmol) in DMF (40 ml) was stirred at 55° C. overnight. The reactionmixture was added to H₂O and extracted with EA (20 ml×3). The combinedorganic layers were dried and concentrated to give the crude product.Purification by Prep-TLC afforded the desired product, compound 7 (256mg, 45%) as a light yellow solid.

Step 6: A mixture of compound 7 (133 mg 0.2 mmol) and TFA (5 ml) in 5 mlDCM was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated to aresidue, which was purified by HPLC to afford compound 8 (37 mg, 40%) asa light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.87 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s,1H), 8.46 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 7.91(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.32 (dd,J=8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J=5.0, 3.7 Hz,1H), 5.31-5.10 (m, 2H), 3.24 (s, 4H), 3.12 (s, 4H), 2.07 (d, J=5.5 Hz,1H), 1.25 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 0.71 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=469(M+H)⁺

Example 45 Synthesis ofN-(4-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-cyclopropyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamide

Step 1: To a solution of compound 1 (250 mg, 1.0 mmol) in dry THF (5 ml)was added vinylmagnesium bromide (3.5 ml, 3.5 mmol) at −78° C. Thereaction was stirred for 2 hours and then quenched with NH₄Cl. Thereaction mixture was extracted with EA (2×20 ml), and the combinedorganic layers were purified by gel chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to affordthe desired product, compound 2 (172 mg, 72%).

Step 2: To a solution of compound 2 (1.6 g, 6.7 mmol) in dry EtOH (20ml) was added SOCl₂ (3.0 ml) at r.t. The reaction was stirred overnight,concentrated, and purified by gel chromatography (PE:EA=2:1) to affordthe desired product, compound 3 (520 mg, 30%).

Step 3: To a solution of compound 3 (520 mg, 1.95 mmol) in DMSO wasadded 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine (418 mg, 2.92 mmol) and KOH (218 mg,3.9 mmol) at 5° C. The reaction stirred for 2 hours and then quenchedwith H₂O. The reaction mixture was extracted with EA (2×20 ml) and thecombined organic layers were purified by gel chromatography (PE:EA=5:1)to afford the desired product of compound 4 (420 mg, 57%).

Step 4: Compound 5 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 3.

Step 5: Compound 6 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 1, compound 4.

Step 6: To a solution of compound 6 (90 mg, 0.286 mmol) in DMF (4 ml)was added tert-butyl 2-amino-4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenylcarbamate (75 mg,0.26 mmol), EDCI (110 mg, 0.572 mmol), and DMAP (53 mg, 0.429 mmol) atr.t. The reaction stirred overnight and subsequently quenched with H₂O.The reaction mixture was extracted with EA (2×20 ml) and the combinedorganic layers were purified by gel chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to affordthe desired product, compound 7 (140 mg, 85%).

Step 7: Compound 7 was prepared according to the procedure as describedin Example 41, compound 8. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.67 (s, 1H), 8.14(s, 1H), 7.59-7.51 (m, 4H), 7.46 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=7.7 Hz,2H), 7.33 (dd, J=8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d,J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.76 (s, 2H), 3.57 (s, 4H),2.71 (s, 2H), 2.47-2.32 (m, 5H), 1.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 0.93 (d, J=4.2Hz, 2H). LCMS: m/z=481 (M+H)⁺

Example 46 HDAC Enzyme Assays

Compounds for testing were diluted in DMSO to 50 fold the finalconcentration and a ten point three fold dilution series was made. Thecompounds were diluted in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM KCl,0.001% Tween-20, 0.05% BSA, 201.1M tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) to 6fold their final concentration. The HDAC enzymes (purchased from BPSBiosciences) were diluted to 1.5 fold their final concentration in assaybuffer and pre-incubated with the compounds for 24 hours prior toaddition of the substrate.

The substrate tripeptide substrate 3 (synthesized in house) for eachenzyme was equal to the Km as determined by a substrate titration curve.The enzyme and substrate concentrations used are given in Table 2. Thesubstrates were diluted in assay buffer at 6× their final concentrationwith 0.3 μM sequencing grade trypsin (Sigma). The substrate/trypsin mixwas added to the enzyme/compound mix, the plate was shaken for 60seconds and placed into a Spectramax M5 microtiter plate reader. Thedevelopment of fluorescence was monitored for 30 mM and the linear rateof the reaction was calculated. The IC₅₀ was determined using Graph PadPrism by a four parameter curve fit. The IC₅₀ values obtained for thecompounds of this invention are found in Table 1.

TABLE 2 Enzyme concentration Substrate concentration HDAC1 3.5 ng/μl 3.8μM HDAC2 0.2 ng/μl 2.3 μM HDAC3 0.08 ng/μl  3.9 μM

Example 47 CD34+ Globin Switching Assay

CD34+ cells isolated from human bone marrow were cultured in vitro usingtwo distinct sets of culture conditions. Culture system 1 (CS1),described by Xu J et al. (Science 2011 Nov. 18; 334(6058):993-6),consists of a 7 day expansion phase in media that supports hematopoieticprogenitor cells followed by a differentiation phase of 4 to 8 days inmedia that induces development of erythroid lineage cells. Culturesystem 2 (CS2), described by Bradner J E (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010Jul. 13; 107(28):12617-22), consists of a 7 day expansion phase in mediathat supports differentiation of cells towards the erythroid lineagefollowed by a differentiation phase for 3 days where erythroid celldevelopment continues. After 3 to 5 days in differentiation media CS1cells are primarily early erythroblasts (EB), while CS2 cells areprimarily late EB. mRNA levels were determine by quantitative real timePCR using primer/probe sets designed to adult major β-globin (β), adultminor β-globin (δ), fetal β-like globin (HbG, γ), and embryonic β-likeglobin (ε). Protein levels were determined by flow cytometry usingfluorescent antibodies against fetal hemoglobin (HbF) or adulthemoglobin (HbA). In the experiment shown in FIG. 1A, cells from CS1were differentiated in the presence of vehicle (DMSO), 30 μMhydroxyurea, 1 μM MS-275 (entinostat), or 1 μM Compound 001. Globin mRNAlevels were determined in cells at day 0, 3, 5, and 8 ofdifferentiation. In the experiment shown in FIG. 1B, cells from CS2 weredifferentiated in the presence of vehicle (DMSO) or 5, 1, or 0.3 μM ofCompound 001, Compound 002, or Compound 003. Globin mRNA levels weredetermined at day 3 of differentiation. In the experiment shown in FIG.1C, upper row, cells from CS1 were differentiated in the presence ofvehicle (DMSO), or 1 μM each of MS-275 (entinostat), Compound 001,Compound 002, or Compound 003. Hemoglobin protein levels within eachcell were determined at day 5 of differentiation. In the experimentshown in FIG. 1C, lower row; cells from CS2 were differentiated for 2days in the presence of vehicle (DMSO), or 1 μM each of MS-275(entinostat), Compound 001, Compound 002, or Compound 003. After 2 days,media was exchanged and cells were differentiated for an additional 2days in the absence of compound. Hemoglobin protein levels within eachcell were determined at day 4 of differentiation. The results of theseexperiments are shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C.

Example 48 Pharmacological Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) 1, 2or 3 have Distinct Effects on Cellular Viability, ErythroidDifferentiation, and Fetal Globin (HbG) Induction

The goal of this example was to investigate the effects of selectiveinhibitors of HDAC1, 2, or 3 on cytotoxicity, erythroid differentiation,and HbG induction in cultured human CD34+ bone marrow cells.

To investigate whether HDAC1 or HDAC2 was the preferred therapeutictarget, two compounds were used. Compound 001 is an HDAC1/2 selectivecompound biased towards HDAC1 with IC₅₀ values of 4, 15, and 114 nM forHDAC1, 2, and 3, respectively. In contrast, Compound 004 showed balancedHDAC1 and HDAC2 selectivity with IC₅₀ values of 27, 24, and 247 nM forHDAC1, 2, and 3, respectively. Treatment of cells for 6 days with 1 μMof Compound 001 or Compound 004 resulted in a 3-fold increase in thepercentage of HbG relative to other beta-like globin transcripts.However, it was found that Compound 001 treatment resulted in anapproximately 3-fold decrease in cell viability after 6 days oftreatment, while Compound 004 treatment resulted in a minimal reduction(1.2-fold) in cell viability. Decreased cell viability observed withCompound 001 was associated with a reduction of cells positive for theerythroid differentiation markers CD71 and glycophorinA. This result isconsistent with the Mx-Cre mouse model where HDAC1^(KO); HDAC2^(het) hadreduced numbers of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and total bone marrowcells, while the HDAC1^(het); HDAC2^(KO) was unaffected (Wilting R H,EMBO Journal, 2010).

These results suggest that compounds with a pharmacological profile ofincreased selectivity towards HDAC2 inhibition versus HDAC1 may be lesscytotoxic and minimize effects on differentiation, while still inducingHbG in human CD34+ bone marrow cells.

Example 49 Mechanistic Insights into Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) InductionThrough

Chemical Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDA C1/2) Themechanism through which HDAC1/2 inhibition leads to activation of HbGremains largely unknown. In this example, Compound 001 was used toinvestigate changes in gene expression and chromatin organization thatresult from inhibition of HDAC1/2.

Gene expression profiling was performed on cells treated with Compound001 (n=3) or vehicle (n=3) using Affymetrix PrimeView GeneChips.Treatment of early erythroblasts (CD71+, GlyA−) resulted in the up anddown regulation of 1294 and 681 probe sets, respectively. In comparison,treatment of late erythroblasts (CD71+, GlyA+) resulted in a total of255 probe set changes. This finding is consistent with follow-upexperiments demonstrating that Compound 001 is unable to induce HbG incells positive for both CD71 and GlyA. Taken together, these resultssuggest that erythroblasts become less responsive to HDAC inhibition asthey mature. Gene set enrichment analysis using public domain datarevealed that genes up- or down-regulated by HDAC1/2 shRNA knockdown aresignificantly overrepresented in the list of genes induced or repressedby Compound 001, respectively, suggesting pharmacologic inhibition ofHDAC1/2 recapitulates genetic ablation. Significant enrichment in othergene sets involving targets linked to HbG regulation, includinglysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) (Shi L, Nature Medicine, 2012) wereidentified.

GeneChip and quantitative real-time PCR time course experiments showthat Compound 001 treatment leads to a decrease in Bcl11A (2-fold) andSox6 (10-fold) mRNA, known repressors of fetal globin synthesis, and anincrease in Klf2 (2-fold) and Gata2 (8-fold) mRNA, proposed fetal globinactivators. This result is consistent with work by others that showGata2 is suppressed, in part, by the NuRD complex (Hong W, EMBO Journal,2005) and that Gata2 binding at the HbG promoter leads to increasedlevels of HbG expression (Zhu X, PLoS One, 2012). Interestingly, Gata2induction preceded Sox6 suppression in Compound 001 treated cells andthe Sox6 promoter contains 8 canonical WGATAR binding sites and oneGata2-specific binding motif, raising the possibility suppression ofSox6 by Compound 001 is mediated by Gata2 induction. To investigatethese possibilities, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with nextgeneration sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed for HDAC1, HDAC2, Gata2,and the HDAC2-specific histone modification H3K56 in Compound 001 andvehicle treated cells. ChIP-seq data, both by itself and in combinationwith gene expression data, will provide further insight into themechanism through which HDAC1/2 regulates HbF synthesis.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The contents of all references (including literature references, issuedpatents, published patent applications, and co-pending patentapplications) cited throughout this application are hereby expresslyincorporated herein in their entireties by reference. Unless otherwisedefined, all technical and scientific terms used herein are accorded themeaning commonly known to one with ordinary skill in the art.

EQUIVALENTS

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain usingno more than routine experimentation, many equivalents of the specificembodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents areintended with be encompassed by the following claims.

1-26. (canceled)
 27. A method of inhibiting the activity of HDAC1 orHDAC2 in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a compoundselected from,

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 28. A method of treatinga disease mediated by HDAC1 or HDAC2 in a subject in need thereof,comprising administering to the subject a compound selected from,

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 29. The method of claim28, wherein the disease is a hemoglobinopathy.
 30. The method of claim28, wherein the disease is cancer.
 31. (canceled)
 32. (canceled)
 33. Themethod of claim 28, wherein the subject is a human.
 34. The method ofclaim 29, wherein the hemoglobinopathy is sickle-cell disease orbeta-thalassemia.
 35. The method of claim 30, wherein the cancer is lungcancer.
 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the lung cancer is non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC).
 37. The method of claim 30, wherein the canceris breast cancer.
 38. The method of claim 30, wherein the cancer is aleukemia.
 39. The method of claim 30, wherein the cancer is a lymphoma.40. The method of claim 38, wherein the lymphoma is Hodgkin's lymphoma.41. The method of claim 27, wherein the compound is

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 42. The method of claim28, wherein the compound is

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.